Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 29
At the first assault the lance of Theodomir pierced him through and through; he fell to the earth, gnashed his teeth as he rolled in the dust, but yielded his breath without uttering a word.
Who acts: lance, Theodomir · What happens: pierce, fall, gnash, roll, yield, utter · To what, where: Theodomir, first assault, teeth, dust, breath, word
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lance, Theodomir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 assault | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 assault | det |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 assault | amod |
| 4 | assault | assault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pierced | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lance | det |
| 6 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pierced | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Theodomir | case |
| 8 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 lance | nmod |
| 9 | pierced | pierce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 pierced | obj |
| 11 | through | through | ADV | _ | 9 pierced | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 through | cc |
| 13 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 through | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 fell | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 fell | nsubj |
| 16 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 pierced | parataxis |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 earth | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 earth | det |
| 19 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fell | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 gnashed | punct |
| 21 | gnashed | gnash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 fell | conj |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 23 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 gnashed | obj |
| 24 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 rolled | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 rolled | nsubj |
| 26 | rolled | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 gnashed | advcl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 dust | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 dust | det |
| 29 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rolled | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 yielded | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 yielded | cc |
| 32 | yielded | yield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 fell | conj |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 breath | nmod:poss |
| 34 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 yielded | obj |
| 35 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 36 uttering | mark |
| 36 | uttering | utter | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 yielded | advcl |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 word | det |
| 38 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 uttering | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 pierced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pierce | past | the lance of Theodomir | Theodomir | the first assault | through property | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Instrument | ||
| 2 | fall | past | Theodomir | to the earth | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme | ||||
| 3 | gnash | past | Theodomir not said here | Theodomir's teeth | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 4 | roll | past | Theodomir | the dust | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dust=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | yield | past | Theodomir not said here | Theodomir's breath | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | ||||
| 6 | utter speech: other | gerund | Theodomir not said here | a word | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/29/