Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 8

The gaunt Arab chieftain stood upon a rock as his troops marched by; his buckler was at his back, and he brandished in his hand a double-pointed spear.

Who acts: gaunt Arab chieftain, buckler, chieftain · What happens: stand, march, be, brandish, point · To what, where: rock, troops, back, pointed spear, hand

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaunt Arab chieftain, buckler, chieftain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 chieftain	det
2	gaunt	gaunt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 chieftain	amod
3	Arab	Arab	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 chieftain	amod
4	chieftain	chieftain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stood	nsubj
5	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 rock	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rock	det
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stood	obl
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 troops	case
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 troops	nmod:poss
11	troops	troops	NOUN	Number=Ptan	5 stood	obl
12	marched	march	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 troops	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	12 marched	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 back	punct
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 buckler	nmod:poss
16	buckler	buckler	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 back	nsubj
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 back	cop
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 back	case
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 back	nmod:poss
20	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stood	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 brandished	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 brandished	cc
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 brandished	nsubj
24	brandished	brandish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stood	parataxis
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 hand	case
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 hand	nmod:poss
27	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 brandished	obl
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 spear	det
29	double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 pointed	amod
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	29 double	punct
31	pointed	point	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 spear	amod
32	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 brandished	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stood	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stand	past	the gaunt Arab chieftain		a rock	as chieftain's troops	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon rock=Location
2	march	participle		chieftain's troops not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	past	chieftain's buckler		chieftain's back	chieftain nmod:poss	tree rules
4	brandish	past	chieftain	a pointed spear	chieftain's hand		tree rules
5	point	participle					vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/8/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 8

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 8