Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 9
Calling upon the several leaders by their names, he exhorted them to direct their attacks against the Christian captains, and especially against Ataulpho; “for the chiefs being slain,” said he, “their followers will vanish from before us like the morning mist.”
Who acts: chieftain, Ataulpho, followers, us, leaders, spears · What happens: call, exhort, direct, be, say, vanish · To what, where: spears, attacks, morning mist · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chieftain, Ataulpho, followers, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 exhorted | advcl |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 leaders | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 leaders | det |
| 4 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 leaders | amod |
| 5 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Calling | obl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 names | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 names | nmod:poss |
| 8 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Calling | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Calling | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 exhorted | nsubj |
| 11 | exhorted | exhort | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 exhorted | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 direct | mark |
| 14 | direct | direct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 exhorted | xcomp |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 attacks | nmod:poss |
| 16 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 direct | obj |
| 17 | against | against | ADP | _ | 20 captains | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 captains | det |
| 19 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 captains | amod |
| 20 | captains | captain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 direct | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 said | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 said | cc |
| 23 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 25 Ataulpho | advmod |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 25 Ataulpho | case |
| 25 | Ataulpho | Ataulpho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 said | nsubj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 slain | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 slain | punct |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 chiefs | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 chiefs | det |
| 30 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 slain | obl |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 slain | cop |
| 32 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 Ataulpho | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 slain | punct |
| 34 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 slain | punct |
| 35 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 exhorted | parataxis |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 said | nsubj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 vanish | punct |
| 38 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 vanish | punct |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 followers | nmod:poss |
| 40 | followers | follower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 vanish | nsubj |
| 41 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 vanish | aux |
| 42 | vanish | vanish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 said | conj |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 vanish | obl |
| 44 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 46 like | mark |
| 45 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 like | nsubj |
| 46 | like | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 vanish | advcl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 mist | det |
| 48 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 mist | compound |
| 49 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 like | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 exhorted | punct |
| 51 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 exhorted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | gerund | chieftain not said here | upon the several leaders; by leaders's names | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | exhort | past | chieftain | spears = spear | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | direct | to-infinitive | chieftain not said here | spears's attacks | against the Christian captains | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent attack=Theme against captain=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | is in a quote | gerund | for the chiefs; slain property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Ataulpho | chieftain nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | vanish in a quote | future | spears's followers | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | like in a quote | present | us | the morning mist | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot mist=Theme | ||||
| 8 | name | leaders = leader | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | attack | spears = spear | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/9/