Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 44
When they were about to march, the king called to him a noble cavalier named Ramiro, and delivering him the royal standard, charged him to guard it well for the honour of Spain; scarcely, however, had the good knight received it in his hand, when he fell dead from his horse, and the staff of the standard was broken in twain.
Who acts: orders, king, delivering, good knight · What happens: be, march, call, name, deliver, charge · To what, where: king, noble cavalier, royal standard, standard, hand, staff · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (orders, king, delivering, good knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 about | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 about | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 about | cop |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 march | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 march | mark |
| 6 | march | march | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 king | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 king | det |
| 9 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 march | obl |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 king | acl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 him | case |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 called | obl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 cavalier | det |
| 14 | noble | noble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 cavalier | amod |
| 15 | cavalier | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 16 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 cavalier | acl |
| 17 | Ramiro | Ramiro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 named | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 charged | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 charged | cc |
| 20 | delivering | deliver | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 charged | csubj |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 delivering | obj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 standard | det |
| 23 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 standard | amod |
| 24 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 delivering | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 delivering | punct |
| 26 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 march | advcl |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 charged | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 guard | mark |
| 29 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 charged | advcl |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 guard | obj |
| 31 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 guard | advmod |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 honour | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 honour | det |
| 34 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 guard | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Spain | case |
| 36 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 honour | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 had | punct |
| 38 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 42 had | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 scarcely | punct |
| 40 | however | however | ADV | _ | 42 had | advmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 however | punct |
| 42 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 march | parataxis |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 knight | det |
| 44 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 knight | amod |
| 45 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 received | nsubj |
| 46 | received | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 had | ccomp |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 received | obj |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 hand | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 hand | nmod:poss |
| 50 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 received | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 fell | punct |
| 52 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 54 fell | advmod |
| 53 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 fell | nsubj |
| 54 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 had | conj |
| 55 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 fell | xcomp |
| 56 | from | from | ADP | _ | 58 horse | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 horse | nmod:poss |
| 58 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 fell | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 broken | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 broken | cc |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 staff | det |
| 62 | staff | staff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 broken | nsubj |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 standard | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 standard | det |
| 65 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 staff | nmod |
| 66 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 broken | aux:pass |
| 67 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 fell | conj |
| 68 | in | in | ADP | _ | 69 twain | case |
| 69 | twain | twain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 broken | obl |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 march | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | orders = order | about property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | march | to-infinitive | the king | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | call | participle | the king not said here | a noble cavalier | king | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 4 | name | participle | a noble cavalier not said here | Ramiro xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | deliver | gerund | the royal standard | king | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary standard=Patient | ||||
| 6 | charge | past | delivering | king | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location he=Theme | ||||
| 7 | guard | to-infinitive | delivering not said here | standard | for the honour of Spain; well property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary | |||
| 8 | have | past | however, scarcely property | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | receive | past | the good knight | standard | king's hand | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 10 | fall | past | king | from king's horse; dead property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from horse=Initial_Location | ||||
| 11 | break | past · passive | the staff of the standard | twain | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 12 | honour | Spain | nom honour «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/14/44/