Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 9
In this day’s action the Christians suffered greatly in the loss of their distinguished cavaliers; for it is the noblest spirits who venture most, and lay themselves open to danger; and the Moslem soldiers had instructions to single out the leaders of the adverse host.
Who acts: Christians, loss, noblest spirits, Moslem soldiers, day · What happens: suffer, be, venture, lay, open, have · To what, where: action, Christians, danger, instructions
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, loss, noblest spirits, Moslem soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 action | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 day | det |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 action | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 3 day | case |
| 5 | action | action | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 suffered | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Christians | det |
| 7 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 suffered | nsubj |
| 8 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 8 suffered | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 loss | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 loss | det |
| 12 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 suffered | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 cavaliers | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 cavaliers | nmod:poss |
| 15 | distinguished | distinguished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 cavaliers | amod |
| 16 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 loss | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 spirits | punct |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 spirits | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 spirits | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 spirits | cop |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 spirits | det |
| 22 | noblest | noble | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 23 spirits | amod |
| 23 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 suffered | obl |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 venture | nsubj |
| 25 | venture | venture | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 spirits | acl:relcl |
| 26 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 25 venture | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 lay | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 lay | cc |
| 29 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 venture | conj |
| 30 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 29 lay | obj |
| 31 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 lay | xcomp |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 danger | case |
| 33 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 open | obl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 had | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 had | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 soldiers | det |
| 37 | Moslem | Moslem | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 soldiers | amod |
| 38 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 had | nsubj |
| 39 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 suffered | conj |
| 40 | instructions | instruction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 had | obj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 single | mark |
| 42 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 had | xcomp |
| 43 | out | out | ADP | _ | 42 single | compound:prt |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 leaders | det |
| 45 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 single | nsubj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 host | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 host | det |
| 48 | adverse | adverse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 host | amod |
| 49 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 leaders | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 suffered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suffer | past | the Christians | this day's action | in the loss of Christians's distinguished cavaliers; greatly property | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | is | present | loss | for the noblest spirits | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | venture | present | the noblest spirits | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | lay | infinitive | the noblest spirits not said here | Christians = christian | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | open | infinitive | the noblest spirits not said here | danger | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to danger=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | have | past | the Moslem soldiers | instructions | single property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Patient | |||
| 7 | act | this day | nom action «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/16/9/