Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 36
The clatter of swift hoofs echoed behind him, but he had learnt of the Arabs to fight and fly.
Who acts: clatter, page, swift hoofs · What happens: echo, learn, fight, fly, clatter
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clatter, page, swift hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 clatter | det |
| 2 | clatter | clatter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 echoed | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 hoofs | case |
| 4 | swift | swift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hoofs | compound |
| 5 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 clatter | nmod |
| 6 | echoed | echo | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 echoed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 learnt | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 learnt | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 learnt | nsubj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 learnt | aux |
| 13 | learnt | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 echoed | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Arabs | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Arabs | det |
| 16 | Arabs | Arab | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 learnt | obl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 fight | mark |
| 18 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 learnt | advcl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 fly | cc |
| 20 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 fight | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 echoed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | echo | past | the clatter of swift hoofs | behind page | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind he=Location | ||||
| 2 | learn | past · perfect | page | of the Arabs | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent of arab=Topic | ||||
| 3 | fight | to-infinitive | page not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | fly | infinitive | page not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | clatter | swift hoofs | nom clatter «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/17/36/