Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 31

As the armies drew near each other the sun disappeared among gathering clouds, and the gloom of the day was increased by the columns of dust which rose from either host.

Who acts: armies, sun, columns, dust · What happens: draw, disappear, gather, increase, rise · To what, where: each, gloom, host

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (armies, sun, columns, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	SCONJ	_	4 drew	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 armies	det
3	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drew	nsubj
4	drew	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 disappeared	advcl
5	near	near	ADP	_	6 each	case
6	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	4 drew	obl
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 each	fixed
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sun	det
9	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 disappeared	nsubj
10	disappeared	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	among	among	ADP	_	13 clouds	case
12	gathering	gather	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 clouds	amod
13	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 disappeared	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 increased	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 increased	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 gloom	det
17	gloom	gloom	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 increased	nsubj:pass
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 day	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 day	det
20	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 gloom	nmod
21	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 increased	aux:pass
22	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 disappeared	conj
23	by	by	ADP	_	25 columns	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 columns	det
25	columns	column	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 increased	obl
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 dust	case
27	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 columns	nmod
28	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 rose	nsubj
29	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 dust	acl:relcl
30	from	from	ADP	_	32 host	case
31	either	either	DET	PronType=Ind	32 host	det
32	host	host	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 rose	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 disappeared	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	draw	past	the armies		each		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	disappear	past	the sun			among gathering clouds	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	gather	gerund					vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	increase	past · passive	the columns of dust	the gloom of the day			vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer subject=Patient
5	rise	past	dust		either host		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from host=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/31/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 31

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 31