Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 30
Their turbans and robes, of various dyes and fashions, gave a splendid appearance to their host; as they marched, a cloud of dust arose and partly hid them from the sight, but still there would break forth flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold, like rays of vivid lightning; while the sound of drum and trumpet, and the clash of Moorish cymbal, were as the warlike thunder within that stormy cloud of battle.
Who acts: turbans, cloud, clash, steel, Moorish cymbal · What happens: give, march, arise, hide, break, burnish · To what, where: splendid appearance, host, sound, clouds, sight, flashes
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (turbans, cloud, clash, steel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 turbans | nmod:poss |
| 2 | turbans | turban | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 robes | cc |
| 4 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 turbans | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 dyes | punct |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 dyes | case |
| 7 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dyes | amod |
| 8 | dyes | dye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 turbans | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 fashions | cc |
| 10 | fashions | fashion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 dyes | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 turbans | punct |
| 12 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 appearance | det |
| 14 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 appearance | amod |
| 15 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gave | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 host | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 host | nmod:poss |
| 18 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gave | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 marched | punct |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 marched | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 marched | nsubj |
| 22 | marched | march | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gave | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 arose | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cloud | det |
| 25 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 arose | nsubj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 dust | case |
| 27 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cloud | nmod |
| 28 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 marched | parataxis |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hid | cc |
| 30 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 31 hid | advmod |
| 31 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 arose | conj |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 hid | obj |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 sight | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 sight | det |
| 35 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hid | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 break | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 break | cc |
| 38 | still | still | ADV | _ | 39 there | advmod |
| 39 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 break | advmod |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 break | aux |
| 41 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 marched | conj |
| 42 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 41 break | advmod |
| 43 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 break | obj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 steel | case |
| 45 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 flashes | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 gleams | cc |
| 47 | gleams | gleam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 flashes | conj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 gold | case |
| 49 | burnished | burnish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 gold | amod |
| 50 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 gleams | nmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 rays | punct |
| 52 | like | like | ADP | _ | 53 rays | case |
| 53 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 gold | appos |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 lightning | case |
| 55 | vivid | vivid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 lightning | amod |
| 56 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 rays | nmod |
| 57 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 60 sound | punct |
| 58 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 60 sound | mark |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 sound | det |
| 60 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 marched | obl |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 drum | case |
| 62 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 sound | nmod |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 trumpet | cc |
| 64 | trumpet | trumpet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 sound | conj |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 thunder | punct |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 thunder | cc |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 clash | det |
| 68 | clash | clash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 thunder | nsubj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 cymbal | case |
| 70 | Moorish | moorish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 cymbal | amod |
| 71 | cymbal | cymbal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 clash | nmod |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 clash | punct |
| 73 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 77 thunder | cop |
| 74 | as | as | ADP | _ | 77 thunder | case |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 thunder | det |
| 76 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 thunder | amod |
| 77 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 sound | conj |
| 78 | within | within | ADP | _ | 81 cloud | case |
| 79 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 81 cloud | det |
| 80 | stormy | stormy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 cloud | amod |
| 81 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 thunder | nmod |
| 82 | of | of | ADP | _ | 83 battle | case |
| 83 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 cloud | nmod |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | squadrons's turbans and robes and various dyes and fashions | a splendid appearance | squadrons's host | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme to host=Recipient | |||
| 2 | march | past | turbans = turban | the sound of drum and trumpet and the warlike thunder | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | arise | past | a cloud of dust | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hide | past | a cloud of dust not said here | clouds = cloud | the sight | partly property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent they=Patient from sight=Beneficiary | ||
| 5 | break | would | turbans = turban not said here | flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold | there | still | forth property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Patient | |
| 6 | burnish | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | is | past | the clash of Moorish cymbal | as the warlike thunder; within that stormy cloud of battle | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | cloud | dust | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | flash | steel | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 10 | ray | vivid lightning | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 11 | clash | Moorish cymbal | nom clash «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 12 | cloud | battle | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/30/