Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 51
Throwing off the cumbrous robes of royalty, and descending from his car, he sprang upon his steed Orelia, grasped his lance and buckler, and endeavoured to rally his retreating troops.
Who acts: courage · What happens: throw off, descend, spring, grasp, endeavour, rally · To what, where: cumbrous robes, car, steed, lance, retreating troops
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 sprang | advcl |
| 2 | off | off | ADP | _ | 5 robes | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 robes | det |
| 4 | cumbrous | cumbrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 robes | amod |
| 5 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Throwing | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 royalty | case |
| 7 | royalty | royalty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 robes | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 descending | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 descending | cc |
| 10 | descending | descend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Throwing | conj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 car | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 car | nmod:poss |
| 13 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 descending | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Throwing | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 sprang | nsubj |
| 16 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 19 steed | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 steed | nmod:poss |
| 19 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sprang | obl |
| 20 | Orelia | Orelia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 steed | appos |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 grasped | punct |
| 22 | grasped | grasp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 sprang | conj |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 lance | nmod:poss |
| 24 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 grasped | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 buckler | cc |
| 26 | buckler | buckler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lance | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 endeavoured | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 endeavoured | cc |
| 29 | endeavoured | endeavour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 sprang | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 rally | mark |
| 31 | rally | rally | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 endeavoured | xcomp |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 troops | nmod:poss |
| 33 | retreating | retreat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 troops | amod |
| 34 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 31 rally | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 sprang | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw off | gerund | courage not said here | the cumbrous robes of royalty | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robe=Theme | ||||
| 2 | descend | gerund | courage not said here | courage's car | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from car=Location | ||||
| 3 | spring | past | courage | courage's steed | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon steed=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | grasp | past | courage not said here | courage's lance and buckler | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lance=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | endeavour | past | courage not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | rally | to-infinitive | courage not said here | courage's retreating troops | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | retreat | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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