Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 53
The enemy thickened around him; his loyal band of cavaliers were slain, bravely fighting in his defence; the last that was seen of the king was in the midst of the enemy, dealing death at every blow.
Who acts: enemy, loyal band, king, courage · What happens: thicken, be, fight, see, deal, defend · To what, where: defence, last, death, blow
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, loyal band, king, courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 enemy | det |
| 2 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 thickened | nsubj |
| 3 | thickened | thicken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | around | around | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 thickened | obl |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 slain | punct |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 band | nmod:poss |
| 8 | loyal | loyal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 band | amod |
| 9 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 slain | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 cavaliers | case |
| 11 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 band | nmod |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 slain | cop |
| 13 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 thickened | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 fighting | punct |
| 15 | bravely | bravely | ADV | _ | 16 fighting | advmod |
| 16 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 slain | advcl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 defence | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 defence | nmod:poss |
| 19 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fighting | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 seen | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 last | det |
| 22 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 seen | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seen | aux:pass |
| 25 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 thickened | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 midst | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 king | det |
| 28 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 midst | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 midst | cop |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 midst | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 midst | det |
| 32 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seen | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 enemy | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 enemy | det |
| 35 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 midst | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 dealing | punct |
| 37 | dealing | deal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 seen | advcl |
| 38 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dealing | obj |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 blow | case |
| 40 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 41 blow | det |
| 41 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dealing | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thickened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | thicken | past | the enemy | around courage | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | courage's loyal band of cavaliers | slain property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fight | gerund | courage's loyal band of cavaliers not said here | courage's defence | bravely property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | see | past · passive | the last | that nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the king | of the midst; of the enemy | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | deal | gerund | death | every blow | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Theme | ||||
| 7 | defend | courage | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/53/