Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 6
The faint clatter of distant hoofs, as if in rapid flight, reached the monarch’s ear, but the horsemen were not to be descried.
Who acts: faint clatter, distant hoofs · What happens: reach, not descry, clatter · To what, where: ear, horsemen
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faint clatter, distant hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 clatter | det |
| 2 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 clatter | amod |
| 3 | clatter | clatter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reached | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 hoofs | case |
| 5 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 hoofs | amod |
| 6 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 clatter | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 flight | punct |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 flight | case |
| 9 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 12 flight | mark |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 flight | case |
| 11 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 flight | amod |
| 12 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 clatter | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 clatter | punct |
| 14 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 monarch | det |
| 16 | monarch | monarch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ear | nmod:poss |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 monarch | case |
| 18 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reached | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 descried | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 descried | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 horsemen | det |
| 22 | horsemen | horseman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 descried | obl |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 descried | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 descried | advmod |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 descried | mark |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 descried | aux:pass |
| 27 | descried | descry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 reached | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | the faint clatter of distant hoofs and rapid flight | the monarch's ear | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not descry | past · passive | the faint clatter of distant hoofs and rapid flight not said here | the horsemen | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 3 | clatter | distant hoofs | nom clatter «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/6/