Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 12
The flames of these pyres rose high in the air, and were seen afar off in the night; and when the Christians beheld them from the neighbouring hills they beat their breasts and tore their hair, and lamented over them as over the funeral fires of their country.
Who acts: flames, Christians, pyres · What happens: rise, see, behold, beat, tore, lament · To what, where: air, pyres, neighbouring hills, breasts, hair, country
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flames, Christians, pyres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 flames | det |
| 2 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 rose | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 pyres | case |
| 4 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 pyres | det |
| 5 | pyres | pyre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 flames | nmod |
| 6 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 rose | xcomp |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rose | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 seen | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 seen | cc |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 seen | aux:pass |
| 14 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 rose | conj |
| 15 | afar | afar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 seen | xcomp |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 afar | compound:prt |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 night | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 night | det |
| 19 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 afar | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 beheld | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 beheld | cc |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 beheld | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Christians | det |
| 24 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 beheld | nsubj |
| 25 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 rose | conj |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 beheld | obj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 hills | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hills | det |
| 29 | neighbouring | neighbouring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hills | compound |
| 30 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 beheld | obl |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 beat | nsubj |
| 32 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 hills | acl:relcl |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 breasts | nmod:poss |
| 34 | breasts | breast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 beat | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 tore | cc |
| 36 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 beheld | conj |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 hair | nmod:poss |
| 38 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 tore | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 lamented | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 lamented | cc |
| 41 | lamented | lament | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 rose | conj |
| 42 | over | over | ADP | _ | 43 them | case |
| 43 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 lamented | obl |
| 44 | as | as | ADV | _ | 41 lamented | advmod |
| 45 | over | over | ADP | _ | 48 fires | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 fires | det |
| 47 | funeral | funeral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 fires | compound |
| 48 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 lamented | obl:agent |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 country | case |
| 50 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 country | nmod:poss |
| 51 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 fires | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 rose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | past | the flames of this pyres | the air | high property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | |||
| 2 | see | past · passive | the flames of this pyres not said here | afar property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 3 | behold | past | the Christians | pyres = pyre | the neighbouring hills | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | beat | present | pyres = pyre | pyres's breasts | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location breast=Theme | ||||
| 5 | tore | past | the Christians not said here | pyres's hair | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lament | participle | the flames of this pyres not said here | over pyres = pyre; the funeral fires of pyres's country obl:agent | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | flame | this pyres | nom flame «process intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 8 | fire | pyres's country | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/19/12/