Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 13
The carnage of that battle infected the air for two whole months, and bones were seen lying in heaps upon the field for more than forty years; nay, when ages had past and gone, the husbandman, turning up the soil, would still find fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms, and Moorish scimitars, the relics of that dreadful fight.
Who acts: carnage, bones, husbandman · What happens: infect, see, lie, past, go, turn up · To what, where: air, bones, heaps, ages, soil, fragments
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carnage, bones, husbandman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 carnage | det |
| 2 | carnage | carnage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 infected | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 battle | case |
| 4 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 battle | det |
| 5 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carnage | nmod |
| 6 | infected | infect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 air | det |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 infected | obj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 months | case |
| 10 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 months | nummod |
| 11 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 months | amod |
| 12 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 infected | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 seen | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 seen | cc |
| 15 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 seen | aux:pass |
| 17 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 infected | parataxis |
| 18 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 seen | xcomp |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 heaps | case |
| 20 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lying | obl |
| 21 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 23 field | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 field | det |
| 23 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lying | obl |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 years | case |
| 25 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 27 forty | advmod |
| 26 | than | than | ADP | _ | 25 more | fixed |
| 27 | forty | forty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 years | nummod |
| 28 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lying | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 past | punct |
| 30 | nay | nay | INTJ | _ | 35 past | discourse |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 past | punct |
| 32 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 35 past | mark |
| 33 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 past | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 past | aux |
| 35 | past | past | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 infected | parataxis |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 gone | cc |
| 37 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 past | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 husbandman | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 husbandman | det |
| 40 | husbandman | husbandman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 infected | parataxis |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 turning | punct |
| 42 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 40 husbandman | acl |
| 43 | up | up | ADP | _ | 42 turning | compound:prt |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 soil | det |
| 45 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 turning | obj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 find | punct |
| 47 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 find | aux |
| 48 | still | still | ADV | _ | 49 find | advmod |
| 49 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 husbandman | conj |
| 50 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 find | obj |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 cuirasses | case |
| 52 | Gothic | gothic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 cuirasses | amod |
| 53 | cuirasses | cuirass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 fragments | nmod |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 helms | cc |
| 55 | helms | helm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 cuirasses | conj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 scimitars | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 scimitars | cc |
| 58 | Moorish | moorish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 scimitars | amod |
| 59 | scimitars | scimitar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 fragments | conj |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 relics | punct |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 relics | det |
| 62 | relics | relic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 fragments | conj |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 fight | case |
| 64 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 66 fight | det |
| 65 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 fight | amod |
| 66 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 relics | nmod |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 infected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infect | past | the carnage of that battle | the air | month | the husbandman parataxis | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme air=Destination | ||
| 2 | see | past · passive | bones | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | lie | gerund | bones not said here | heaps | year | upon the field | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in heap=Location | ||
| 4 | past | past · perfect · passive | ages | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | go | participle | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | turn up | gerund | the husbandman not said here | the soil | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location soil=Theme | ||||
| 7 | find | would | the carnage of that battle not said here | fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms and Moorish scimitars and the relics of that dreadful fight | still | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fragment=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/19/13/