Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 24

It was nightfall when they sallied forth, and they were so much affected by the terror they had undergone, and by the cold and damp air of the cavern, to which they were the more sensible from its being in the summer, that all of them fell sick, and several of them died.

Who acts: passage, nightfall, terror, all, several · What happens: be, sally, affect, undergo, fall, die · To what, where: nightfall, terror

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (passage, nightfall, terror, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 nightfall	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 nightfall	cop
3	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 sallied	advmod
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 sallied	nsubj
6	sallied	sally	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 nightfall	acl:relcl
7	forth	forth	ADV	_	6 sallied	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 affected	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 affected	cc
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 affected	nsubj:pass
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 affected	aux:pass
12	so	so	ADV	_	13 much	advmod
13	much	much	ADV	_	14 affected	advmod
14	affected	affect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 nightfall	acl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 terror	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 terror	det
17	terror	terror	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 affected	obl
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 undergone	nsubj
19	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 undergone	aux
20	undergone	undergo	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 terror	acl:relcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 air	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 air	cc
23	by	by	ADP	_	28 air	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 air	det
25	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 air	amod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 damp	cc
27	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 cold	conj
28	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nightfall	conj
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 cavern	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 cavern	det
31	cavern	cavern	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 air	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 sensible	punct
33	to	to	ADP	_	34 which	case
34	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	39 sensible	obl
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 sensible	nsubj
36	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 sensible	cop
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 sensible	det
38	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	39 sensible	advmod
39	sensible	sensible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 nightfall	parataxis
40	from	from	ADP	_	45 summer	case
41	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	45 summer	nmod:poss
42	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	45 summer	cop
43	in	in	ADP	_	45 summer	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 summer	det
45	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 sensible	obl
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 fell	punct
47	that	that	SCONJ	_	51 fell	mark
48	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	51 fell	nsubj
49	of	of	ADP	_	50 them	case
50	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	48 all	nmod
51	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 sensible	parataxis
52	sick	sick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 fell	xcomp
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	58 died	punct
54	and	and	CCONJ	_	58 died	cc
55	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 died	nsubj
56	of	of	ADP	_	57 them	case
57	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	55 several	nmod
58	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	51 fell	conj
59	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 nightfall	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	passage	nightfall and the cold air of the cavern	the cold air of the cavern conj	tree rules
2	sally	past	nightfall		forth property	tree rules
3	affect	past · passive	the terror	nightfall		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
4	undergo	past · perfect	nightfall	the terror not said here		tree rules
5	is	past	nightfall		to nightfall and the cold air of the cavern; sensible property	tree rules
6	is	gerund			from passage's summer; passage nmod:poss	tree rules
7	fall	past	all of nightfall		sick property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	die	past	several of nightfall			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/24/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 24

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 24