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Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 41

He, moreover, pronounces his dying, shortly after coming forth, as very probable; because the darkness of the cave, its coldness, the fright at finding the bones, the dread of meeting the imaginary dog, all joining to operate upon a man who was past the prime of his days, and enfeebled by poverty and scanty food, might easily cause his death.

Who acts: Don, fright, dread, all, man, darkness · What happens: pronounce, die, come, find, meet, join · To what, where: bones, imaginary dog, death

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Don, fright, dread, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjpunctadvmodpunctnsubjccomppunctadvmodmarkadvcladvmodpunctmarkadvmodconjpunctmarkdetnsubjcasedetnmodpunctnmod:possconjpunctdetapposmarkacldetobjpunctdetconjmarkacldetamodobjpunctnsubjconjmarkxcompcasedetoblnsubjcopcasedetacl:relclcasenmod:possnmodpunctccconjcaseoblcccompoundconjpunctauxadvmodconjnmod:possobjpunctrootHePRON,PUNCTmoreoverADV,PUNCTpronouncesVERBhisPRONdyingVERB,PUNCTshortlyADVafterSCONJcomingVERBforthADV,PUNCTasSCONJveryADVprobableADJ;PUNCTbecauseSCONJtheDETdarknessNOUNofADPtheDETcaveNOUN,PUNCTitsPRONcoldnessNOUN,PUNCTtheDETfrightNOUNatSCONJfindingVERBtheDETbonesNOUN,PUNCTtheDETdreadNOUNofSCONJmeetingVERBtheDETimaginaryADJdogNOUN,PUNCTallDETjoiningVERBtoPARToperateVERBuponADPaDETmanNOUNwhoPRONwasAUXpastADPtheDETprimeNOUNofADPhisPRONdaysNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJenfeebledVERBbyADPpovertyNOUNandCCONJscantyNOUNfoodNOUN,PUNCTmightAUXeasilyADVcauseVERBhisPRONdeathNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs5 pronouncesnsubj
2,,PUNCT_1 Hepunct
3moreovermoreoverADV_5 pronouncesadvmod
4,,PUNCT_3 moreoverpunct
5pronouncespronounceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6hishisPRONGender=Masc Poss=Yes PronType=Prs7 dyingnsubj
7dyingdieVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part5 pronouncesccomp
8,,PUNCT_11 comingpunct
9shortlyshortlyADV_11 comingadvmod
10afterafterSCONJ_11 comingmark
11comingcomeVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part5 pronouncesadvcl
12forthforthADV_11 comingadvmod
13,,PUNCT_16 probablepunct
14asasSCONJ_16 probablemark
15veryveryADV_16 probableadvmod
16probableprobableADJDegree=Pos11 comingconj
17;;PUNCT_69 causepunct
18becausebecauseSCONJ_69 causemark
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 darknessdet
20darknessdarknessNOUNNumber=Sing69 causensubj
21ofofADP_23 cavecase
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 cavedet
23cavecaveNOUNNumber=Sing20 darknessnmod
24,,PUNCT_26 coldnesspunct
25itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs26 coldnessnmod:poss
26coldnesscoldnessNOUNNumber=Sing20 darknessconj
27,,PUNCT_29 frightpunct
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 frightdet
29frightfrightNOUNNumber=Sing26 coldnessappos
30atatSCONJ_31 findingmark
31findingfindVERBVerbForm=Ger29 frightacl
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 bonesdet
33bonesboneNOUNNumber=Plur31 findingobj
34,,PUNCT_36 dreadpunct
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 dreaddet
36dreaddreadNOUNNumber=Sing26 coldnessconj
37ofofSCONJ_38 meetingmark
38meetingmeetVERBVerbForm=Ger36 dreadacl
39thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art41 dogdet
40imaginaryimaginaryADJDegree=Pos41 dogamod
41dogdogNOUNNumber=Sing38 meetingobj
42,,PUNCT_44 joiningpunct
43allallDETPronType=Tot44 joiningnsubj
44joiningjoinVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part26 coldnessconj
45totoPART_46 operatemark
46operateoperateVERBVerbForm=Inf44 joiningxcomp
47uponuponADP_49 mancase
48aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art49 mandet
49manmanNOUNNumber=Sing46 operateobl
50whowhoPRONPronType=Rel54 primensubj
51wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin54 primecop
52pastpastADP_54 primecase
53thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art54 primedet
54primeprimeNOUNNumber=Sing49 manacl:relcl
55ofofADP_57 dayscase
56hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs57 daysnmod:poss
57daysdayNOUNNumber=Plur54 primenmod
58,,PUNCT_60 enfeebledpunct
59andandCCONJ_60 enfeebledcc
60enfeebledenfeebleVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass44 joiningconj
61bybyADP_62 povertycase
62povertypovertyNOUNNumber=Sing60 enfeebledobl
63andandCCONJ_65 foodcc
64scantyscantyNOUNNumber=Sing65 foodcompound
65foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing62 povertyconj
66,,PUNCT_20 darknesspunct
67mightmightAUXVerbForm=Fin69 causeaux
68easilyeasilyADV_69 causeadvmod
69causecauseVERBVerbForm=Inf5 pronouncesconj
70hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs71 deathnmod:poss
71deathdeathNOUNNumber=Sing69 causeobj
72..PUNCT_5 pronouncespunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1pronouncepresentDonmoreover propertytree rules
2diegerundDonvn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3comegerundDon not said hereforth, shortly propertyvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4findgerundthe fright not said herethe bonesvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic
5meetgerundthe dread not said herethe imaginary dogvn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Co-Agent
6joingerundalltree rules
7operateto-infinitiveall not said hereupon a manvn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8ispasta mandaypast the primetree rules
9enfeebleparticipleall not said hereby poverty and scanty foodtree rules
10causemightthe darkness of the cave and hope's coldness and the dreadDon's deatheasily propertyvn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition death=Patient
11dieDonnom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/41/