Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 42
Many have considered this cave as intended originally for a sally or retreat from the city in case it should be taken; an opinion rendered probable, it is thought, by its grandeur and great extent.
Who acts: sally, opinion · What happens: consider, intend, take, render, think · To what, where: Many, it, opinion
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sally, opinion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 considered | aux |
| 3 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 cave | det |
| 5 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 considered | xcomp |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 intended | mark |
| 7 | intended | intend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 considered | xcomp |
| 8 | originally | originally | ADV | _ | 7 intended | advmod |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 sally | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 sally | det |
| 11 | sally | sally | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 considered | obl |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 retreat | cc |
| 13 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sally | conj |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 city | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 city | det |
| 16 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 retreat | nmod |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 case | case |
| 18 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 city | nmod |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 taken | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 taken | aux:pass |
| 22 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 sally | acl:relcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 rendered | punct |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 opinion | det |
| 25 | opinion | opinion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rendered | nsubj |
| 26 | rendered | render | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 considered | parataxis |
| 27 | probable | probable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rendered | xcomp |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 thought | punct |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 thought | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 thought | aux:pass |
| 31 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 rendered | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grandeur | punct |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 grandeur | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 grandeur | nmod:poss |
| 35 | grandeur | grandeur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 thought | ccomp |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 extent | cc |
| 37 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 extent | amod |
| 38 | extent | extent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grandeur | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 considered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consider | present · perfect · passive | Many | for a sally or retreat from the city in case; this cave xcomp | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | intend | participle | originally property | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | take | should · passive | a sally or retreat from the city in case not said here | it | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | render | past | a opinion | probable property | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | think speech: other | present · passive | opinion | opinion's grandeur and great extent ccomp | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/42/