Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 43
The learned Salazar de Mendoza, however, in his history of the grand cardinal of Spain, affirms it as an established fact, that it was first wrought out of the rock by Tubal, the son of Japhet, and grandson of Noah; and afterwards repaired and greatly augmented by Hercules the Egyptian, who made it his habitation after he had erected his pillars at the straits of Gibraltar.
Who acts: learned Salazar Mendoza, cardinal, Mendoza · What happens: learn, affirm, establish, be, repair, augment · To what, where: cardinal, history, rock, Egyptian, pillars, straits
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (learned Salazar Mendoza, cardinal, Mendoza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Mendoza | det |
| 2 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 Mendoza | amod |
| 3 | Salazar | Salazar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Mendoza | compound |
| 4 | de | de | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Salazar | flat |
| 5 | Mendoza | Mendoza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 affirms | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Mendoza | punct |
| 7 | however | however | ADV | _ | 19 affirms | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 however | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 history | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 history | nmod:poss |
| 11 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 affirms | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 cardinal | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cardinal | det |
| 14 | grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 cardinal | amod |
| 15 | cardinal | cardinal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 history | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Spain | case |
| 17 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 cardinal | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 history | punct |
| 19 | affirms | affirm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 affirms | obj |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 fact | case |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 fact | det |
| 23 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 fact | amod |
| 24 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 affirms | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 wrought | punct |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 wrought | mark |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 wrought | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 wrought | cop |
| 29 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 30 wrought | advmod |
| 30 | wrought | wrought | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 affirms | conj |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 34 rock | case |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 rock | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 rock | det |
| 34 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wrought | obl |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 Tubal | case |
| 36 | Tubal | Tubal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 rock | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 son | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 son | det |
| 39 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 rock | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Japhet | case |
| 41 | Japhet | Japhet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 son | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 grandson | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 grandson | cc |
| 44 | grandson | grandson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wrought | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 Noah | case |
| 46 | Noah | Noah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 grandson | nmod |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 repaired | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 repaired | cc |
| 49 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 50 repaired | advmod |
| 50 | repaired | repair | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 affirms | parataxis |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 augmented | cc |
| 52 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 53 augmented | advmod |
| 53 | augmented | augment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 repaired | conj |
| 54 | by | by | ADP | _ | 55 Hercules | case |
| 55 | Hercules | Hercules | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 augmented | obl |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Egyptian | det |
| 57 | Egyptian | Egyptian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 augmented | obj |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 made | punct |
| 59 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 60 made | nsubj |
| 60 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 Egyptian | acl:relcl |
| 61 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 made | obj |
| 62 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 habitation | nmod:poss |
| 63 | habitation | habitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 made | obj |
| 64 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 67 erected | mark |
| 65 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 erected | nsubj |
| 66 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 erected | aux |
| 67 | erected | erect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 60 made | advcl |
| 68 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 pillars | nmod:poss |
| 69 | pillars | pillar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 erected | obj |
| 70 | at | at | ADP | _ | 72 straits | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 straits | det |
| 72 | straits | strait | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 erected | obl |
| 73 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 Gibraltar | case |
| 74 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 72 straits | nmod |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 affirms | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | participle | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | affirm | present | the learned Salazar Mendoza | cardinal | Mendoza's history of the grand cardinal of Spain | as a established fact; however property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||
| 3 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | cardinal | the rock by Tubal and the son of Japhet | grandson of Noah conj; first, wrought property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | repair | participle | afterwards property | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | augment | participle | the Egyptian | by Hercules; greatly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent egyptian=Patient | ||||
| 7 | make | past | cardinal | who nsubj; Mendoza's habitation obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary habitation=Product | ||||
| 8 | erect | past · perfect | Mendoza | Mendoza's pillars | the straits of Gibraltar | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pillar=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/43/