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Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 6

These are supposed by some to have been the habitations or retreats of the primitive inhabitants; for it was the custom of the ancients, according to Pliny, to make caves in high and rocky places, and live in them through fear of floods; and such a precaution, says the worthy Don Pedro de Roxas, in his history of Toledo, was natural enough among the first Toledans, seeing that they founded their city shortly after the deluge, while the memory of it was still fresh in their minds.

Who acts: some, city, precaution, habitations, memory · What happens: suppose, have, be, accord, make, live · To what, where: These, habitations, caves, high places, fear, city · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, city, precaution, habitations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubj:passaux:passcaseobl:agentmarkxcompcopdetobjccconjcasedetamodnmodpunctcasensubjcopdetparataxiscasedetnmodpunctcasefixednmodpunctmarkparataxisobjcaseamodccconjoblpunctccconjcaseoblcaseoblcasenmodpunctccdet:predetdetnsubjpunctparataxisdetamodnsubjflatflatflatpunctcasenmod:possccompcasenmodpunctcopccompadvmodcasedetamodoblpunctadvclmarknsubjccompnmod:possobjadvmodcasedetoblpunctmarkdetnsubjcasenmodcopadvmodconjcasenmod:possoblpunctrootThesePRONareAUXsupposedVERBbyADPsomeDETtoPARThaveVERBbeenAUXtheDEThabitationsNOUNorCCONJretreatsNOUNofADPtheDETprimitiveADJinhabitantsNOUN;PUNCTforADPitPRONwasAUXtheDETcustomNOUNofADPtheDETancientsNOUN,PUNCTaccordingVERBtoADPPlinyPROPN,PUNCTtoPARTmakeVERBcavesNOUNinADPhighADJandCCONJrockyADJplacesNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJliveVERBinADPthemPRONthroughADPfearNOUNofADPfloodsNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJsuchDETaDETprecautionNOUN,PUNCTsaysVERBtheDETworthyADJDonPROPNPedroPROPNdePROPNRoxasPROPN,PUNCTinADPhisPRONhistoryNOUNofADPToledoPROPN,PUNCTwasAUXnaturalADJenoughADVamongADPtheDETfirstADJToledansPROPN,PUNCTseeingVERBthatSCONJtheyPRONfoundedVERBtheirPRONcityNOUNshortlyADVafterADPtheDETdelugeNOUN,PUNCTwhileSCONJtheDETmemoryNOUNofADPitPRONwasAUXstillADVfreshADJinADPtheirPRONmindsNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThesethisPRONNumber=Plur PronType=Dem3 supposednsubj:pass
2arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 supposedaux:pass
3supposedsupposeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
4bybyADP_5 somecase
5somesomeDETPronType=Ind3 supposedobl:agent
6totoPART_7 havemark
7havehaveVERBVerbForm=Inf3 supposedxcomp
8beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part10 habitationscop
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 habitationsdet
10habitationshabitationNOUNNumber=Plur7 haveobj
11ororCCONJ_12 retreatscc
12retreatsretreatNOUNNumber=Plur10 habitationsconj
13ofofADP_16 inhabitantscase
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 inhabitantsdet
15primitiveprimitiveADJDegree=Pos16 inhabitantsamod
16inhabitantsinhabitantNOUNNumber=Plur12 retreatsnmod
17;;PUNCT_22 custompunct
18forforADP_22 customcase
19ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs22 customnsubj
20wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin22 customcop
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 customdet
22customcustomNOUNNumber=Sing3 supposedparataxis
23ofofADP_25 ancientscase
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 ancientsdet
25ancientsancientNOUNNumber=Plur22 customnmod
26,,PUNCT_29 Plinypunct
27accordingaccordVERBExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part29 Plinycase
28totoADP_27 accordingfixed
29PlinyPlinyPROPNNumber=Sing25 ancientsnmod
30,,PUNCT_32 makepunct
31totoPART_32 makemark
32makemakeVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin22 customparataxis
33cavescaveNOUNNumber=Plur32 makeobj
34ininADP_38 placescase
35highhighADJDegree=Pos38 placesamod
36andandCCONJ_37 rockycc
37rockyrockyADJDegree=Pos35 highconj
38placesplaceNOUNNumber=Plur32 makeobl
39,,PUNCT_41 livepunct
40andandCCONJ_41 livecc
41liveliveVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin32 makeconj
42ininADP_43 themcase
43themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs41 liveobl
44throughthroughADP_45 fearcase
45fearfearNOUNNumber=Sing41 liveobl
46ofofADP_47 floodscase
47floodsfloodNOUNNumber=Plur45 fearnmod
48;;PUNCT_54 sayspunct
49andandCCONJ_54 sayscc
50suchsuchDETPronType=Ind52 precautiondet:predet
51aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art52 precautiondet
52precautionprecautionNOUNNumber=Sing54 saysnsubj
53,,PUNCT_52 precautionpunct
54sayssayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 supposedparataxis
55thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art57 Dondet
56worthyworthyADJDegree=Pos57 Donamod
57DonDonPROPNNumber=Sing54 saysnsubj
58PedroPedroPROPNNumber=Sing57 Donflat
59dedePROPNNumber=Sing58 Pedroflat
60RoxasRoxasPROPNNumber=Sing58 Pedroflat
61,,PUNCT_64 historypunct
62ininADP_64 historycase
63hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs64 historynmod:poss
64historyhistoryNOUNNumber=Sing54 saysccomp
65ofofADP_66 Toledocase
66ToledoToledoPROPNNumber=Sing64 historynmod
67,,PUNCT_69 naturalpunct
68wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin69 naturalcop
69naturalnaturalADJDegree=Pos54 saysccomp
70enoughenoughADV_69 naturaladvmod
71amongamongADP_74 Toledanscase
72thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art74 Toledansdet
73firstfirstADJDegree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord74 Toledansamod
74ToledansToledanPROPNNumber=Plur69 naturalobl
75,,PUNCT_76 seeingpunct
76seeingseeVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part54 saysadvcl
77thatthatSCONJ_79 foundedmark
78theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs79 foundednsubj
79foundedfoundVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin76 seeingccomp
80theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs81 citynmod:poss
81citycityNOUNNumber=Sing79 foundedobj
82shortlyshortlyADV_79 foundedadvmod
83afterafterADP_85 delugecase
84thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art85 delugedet
85delugedelugeNOUNNumber=Sing79 foundedobl
86,,PUNCT_94 freshpunct
87whilewhileSCONJ_94 freshmark
88thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art89 memorydet
89memorymemoryNOUNNumber=Sing94 freshnsubj
90ofofADP_91 itcase
91ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs89 memorynmod
92wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin94 freshcop
93stillstillADV_94 freshadvmod
94freshfreshADJDegree=Pos54 saysconj
95ininADP_97 mindscase
96theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs97 mindsnmod:poss
97mindsmindNOUNNumber=Plur94 freshobl
98..PUNCT_3 supposedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1supposepresent · passivesomeThesevn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2haveto-infinitivesome not said herevn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3is aparticiplethe habitations or retreats of the primitive inhabitantsretreats of the primitive inhabitants conjtree rules
4ispastcityfor the custom; of the ancients accord Plinytree rules
5accordgerundvn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
6maketo-infinitivecaveshigh placesvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cave=Product
7liveinfinitivefear of floodsin habitations = habitationvn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location
8say speech: assertpresentsuch precautionthe worthy Don nsubj; Don's history of Toledo ccompvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
9ispastamong the first Toledans; enough, natural propertytree rules
10seegerundsuch precaution not said herevn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
11foundpasthabitations = habitationhabitations's cityafter the delugeshortly propertyvn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient
12ispastthe memory of cityhabitations's mindsstillfresh propertytree rules
13fearfloodsnom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient
14mindhabitations = habitationnom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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