Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 3
The whole country fled before them; villages and hamlets were hastily abandoned; the inhabitants placed their aged and infirm, their wives and children, and their most precious effects, on mules and other beasts of burden, and, driving before them their flocks and herds, made for distant parts of the land; for the fastnesses of the mountains, and for such of the cities as yet possessed walls and bulwarks.
Who acts: inhabitants, inroads · What happens: flee, abandon, place, drive, make, possess · To what, where: whole country, wives, flocks
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, inroads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 country | det |
| 2 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 country | amod |
| 3 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 abandoned | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 country | acl |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 6 them | case |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 fled | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 villages | punct |
| 8 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 abandoned | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hamlets | cc |
| 10 | hamlets | hamlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 villages | conj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 abandoned | aux:pass |
| 12 | hastily | hastily | ADV | _ | 13 abandoned | advmod |
| 13 | abandoned | abandon | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 placed | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 inhabitants | det |
| 16 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 placed | nsubj |
| 17 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 abandoned | conj |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 aged | nmod:poss |
| 19 | aged | aged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 placed | advcl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 infirm | cc |
| 21 | infirm | infirm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 aged | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 wives | punct |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 wives | nmod:poss |
| 24 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 placed | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 children | cc |
| 26 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 wives | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 effects | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 effects | cc |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 effects | nmod:poss |
| 30 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 31 precious | advmod |
| 31 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 effects | amod |
| 32 | effects | effect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 placed | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 mules | punct |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 mules | case |
| 35 | mules | mule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 placed | obl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 beasts | cc |
| 37 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 beasts | amod |
| 38 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 mules | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 burden | case |
| 40 | burden | burden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 beasts | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 made | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 made | cc |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 driving | punct |
| 44 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 52 made | advcl |
| 45 | before | before | ADP | _ | 46 them | case |
| 46 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 driving | obl |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 flocks | nmod:poss |
| 48 | flocks | flock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 made | nsubj:pass |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 herds | cc |
| 50 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 flocks | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 made | punct |
| 52 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 abandoned | conj |
| 53 | for | for | ADP | _ | 55 parts | case |
| 54 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 parts | amod |
| 55 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 made | obl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 land | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 land | det |
| 58 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 parts | nmod |
| 59 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 62 fastnesses | punct |
| 60 | for | for | ADP | _ | 62 fastnesses | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 fastnesses | det |
| 62 | fastnesses | fastness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 abandoned | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 mountains | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 mountains | det |
| 65 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 fastnesses | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 cities | punct |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 72 cities | cc |
| 68 | for | for | ADP | _ | 72 cities | case |
| 69 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 cities | amod |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 cities | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 cities | det |
| 72 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 fastnesses | conj |
| 73 | as | as | ADP | _ | 76 walls | case |
| 74 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 75 possessed | advmod |
| 75 | possessed | possess | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 76 walls | amod |
| 76 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 abandoned | obl |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 bulwarks | cc |
| 78 | bulwarks | bulwark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 walls | conj |
| 79 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 abandoned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flee | participle | the whole country not said here | before inroads = inroad | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | abandon | past · passive | the whole country | for the fastnesses of the mountains and the such cities; as possessed walls and bulwarks; villages and hamlets nsubj:pass; hastily property | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: subject=Source | ||||
| 3 | place | past | the inhabitants | inroads's wives and children | on mules and other beasts of burden; inroads's precious effects obl | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on mule=Destination | |||
| 4 | drive | gerund | before inroads = inroad | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | make | participle · passive | inroads's flocks and herds | for distant parts of the land | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for part=Asset | ||||
| 6 | possess | participle | yet | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 7 | effect | inroads = inroad | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/3/