Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 29
No one appeared to dispute the inroad of the Moslems, who continued their march with increasing confidence, their pennons fluttering from rock and cliff, and the valleys echoing to the din of trumpet, drum, and cymbal.
Who acts: one, Moslems, pennons, valleys, trumpet · What happens: appear, dispute, continue, flutter, echo, cymbal · To what, where: inroad, march, rock
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Moslems, pennons, valleys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appeared | nsubj |
| 3 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 dispute | mark |
| 5 | dispute | dispute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 appeared | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 inroad | det |
| 7 | inroad | inroad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dispute | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Moslems | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Moslems | det |
| 10 | Moslems | Moslem | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 inroad | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 continued | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 continued | nsubj |
| 13 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 Moslems | acl:relcl |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 march | nmod:poss |
| 15 | march | march | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 continued | obj |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 confidence | case |
| 17 | increasing | increasing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 confidence | amod |
| 18 | confidence | confidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 continued | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pennons | punct |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 pennons | nmod:poss |
| 21 | pennons | pennon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 inroad | conj |
| 22 | fluttering | flutter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 pennons | acl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 rock | case |
| 24 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fluttering | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 cliff | cc |
| 26 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 rock | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 cymbal | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 cymbal | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 valleys | det |
| 30 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 cymbal | nsubj |
| 31 | echoing | echo | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 valleys | acl |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 din | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 din | det |
| 34 | din | din | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 echoing | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 trumpet | case |
| 36 | trumpet | trumpet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 din | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 drum | punct |
| 38 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 din | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 cymbal | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 cymbal | cc |
| 41 | cymbal | cymbal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appeared | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | no one | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | dispute | to-infinitive | no one not said here | the inroad of the Moslems and Moslems's pennons | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | continue | past | the Moslems | Moslems's march | with increasing confidence | tree rules | |||
| 4 | flutter | gerund | Moslems's pennons not said here | rock and cliff | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | echo | gerund | the valleys not said here | to the din of trumpet and drum | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cymbal | the valleys | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | din | trumpet | nom din «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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