Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 45
His case is an instance how much it is in the power, at times, of the most insignificant being to do mischief, and how all the valour of the magnanimous and the brave may be defeated by the treason of the selfish and the despicable.
Who acts: case, instance, treason · What happens: be, do, defeat · To what, where: instance, power, mischief, valour
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (case, instance, treason), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 case | nmod:poss |
| 2 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 instance | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 instance | cop |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 instance | det |
| 5 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 power | nsubj |
| 6 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 much | advmod |
| 7 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 instance | amod |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 much | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 power | cop |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 power | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 power | det |
| 12 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 times | punct |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 times | case |
| 15 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 power | appos |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 insignificant | punct |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 insignificant | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 insignificant | det |
| 19 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 20 insignificant | advmod |
| 20 | insignificant | insignificant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 power | conj |
| 21 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 insignificant | acl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 do | mark |
| 23 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 being | xcomp |
| 24 | mischief | mischief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 do | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 valour | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 valour | cc |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 all | advmod |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 valour | det:predet |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 valour | det |
| 30 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 defeated | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 33 magnanimous | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 magnanimous | det |
| 33 | magnanimous | magnanimous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 valour | acl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 brave | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 brave | det |
| 36 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 magnanimous | conj |
| 37 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 defeated | aux |
| 38 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 39 defeated | aux:pass |
| 39 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 power | parataxis |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 treason | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 treason | det |
| 42 | treason | treason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 defeated | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 selfish | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 selfish | det |
| 45 | selfish | selfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 treason | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 despicable | cc |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 despicable | det |
| 48 | despicable | despicable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 selfish | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 power | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Fandino's case | a instance | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a instance | the power and the insignificant | the insignificant conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | do | to-infinitive | a instance not said here | mischief | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mischief=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | defeat | may · passive | the treason of the selfish | all valour | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/23/45/