Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 7
Taric approached the city of Granada, which had a formidable aspect, seated on lofty hills and fortified with Gothic walls and towers, and with the red castle or citadel, built in times of old by the Phœnicians or the Romans.
Who acts: Taric, city · What happens: approach, have, seat, fortify, build · To what, where: city, formidable aspect, lofty hills, red castle
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taric, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taric | Taric | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 approached | nsubj |
| 2 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 city | det |
| 4 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 approached | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Granada | case |
| 6 | Granada | Granada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 city | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 had | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 had | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 city | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 aspect | det |
| 11 | formidable | formidable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 aspect | amod |
| 12 | aspect | aspect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 had | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 seated | punct |
| 14 | seated | seat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 aspect | acl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 hills | case |
| 16 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hills | amod |
| 17 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 seated | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 fortified | cc |
| 19 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 seated | conj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 walls | case |
| 21 | Gothic | gothic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 walls | amod |
| 22 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 fortified | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 towers | cc |
| 24 | towers | tower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 walls | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 castle | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 castle | cc |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 castle | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 castle | det |
| 29 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 castle | amod |
| 30 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 approached | obl |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 citadel | cc |
| 32 | citadel | citadel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 castle | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 built | punct |
| 34 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 castle | acl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 times | case |
| 36 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 built | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Phœnicians | case |
| 38 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 Phœnicians | amod |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 Phœnicians | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Phœnicians | det |
| 41 | Phœnicians | Phœnician | PROPN | Number=Plur | 36 times | nmod |
| 42 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 Romans | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Romans | det |
| 44 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 41 Phœnicians | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 approached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | approach | past | Taric | the city of Granada | with the red castle or citadel | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent city=Theme with castle=Instrument | |||
| 2 | have | past | the city of Granada | a formidable aspect | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aspect=Patient | ||||
| 3 | seat | participle | a formidable aspect not said here | lofty hills | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location | ||||
| 4 | fortify | participle | with Gothic walls and towers | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with wall=Theme | |||||
| 5 | build | participle | the red castle or citadel not said here | time | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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