Legends of the conquest of Spain, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian., sentence 11
I have seen my only son, the pride and hope of my age, cut down at my side; I have beheld kindred friends and followers falling one by one around me, and have become so seasoned to those losses that I have ceased to weep.
Who acts: I, kindred friends, age · What happens: see, cut down, behold, fall, become, cease · To what, where: only son, pride, kindred friends, one, losses
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, kindred friends, age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 seen | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | aux |
| 3 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 son | nmod:poss |
| 5 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 son | amod |
| 6 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 seen | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 pride | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pride | det |
| 9 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 son | appos |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 hope | cc |
| 11 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pride | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 age | case |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 age | nmod:poss |
| 14 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hope | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cut | punct |
| 16 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 pride | acl |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 cut | compound:prt |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 side | case |
| 19 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 side | nmod:poss |
| 20 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cut | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 beheld | punct |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 beheld | nsubj |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 beheld | aux |
| 24 | beheld | behold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 seen | conj |
| 25 | kindred | kindred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 friends | amod |
| 26 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 beheld | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 followers | cc |
| 28 | followers | follower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 friends | conj |
| 29 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 friends | acl |
| 30 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 falling | obj |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 one | case |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 one | nmod |
| 33 | around | around | ADP | _ | 34 me | case |
| 34 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 one | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 become | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 become | cc |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 become | aux |
| 38 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 beheld | conj |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 seasoned | advmod |
| 40 | seasoned | seasoned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 become | xcomp |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 losses | case |
| 42 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 43 losses | det |
| 43 | losses | loss | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 seasoned | obl |
| 44 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 ceased | obj |
| 45 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 ceased | nsubj |
| 46 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 ceased | aux |
| 47 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 43 losses | acl:relcl |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 weep | mark |
| 49 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 ceased | xcomp |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · perfect | I | my only son | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer son=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cut down | participle | the pride and hope of my age not said here | at my side | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at side=Patient | ||||
| 3 | behold | present · perfect | I | kindred friends and followers | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | fall | gerund | kindred friends and followers not said here | one | by one around me | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient one=Result | |||
| 5 | become | present · perfect | I not said here | seasoned property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | cease | present · perfect | I | that losses | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | weep | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | hope | my age | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/26/11/