Legends of the conquest of Spain, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian., sentence 9
At length, lifting up his voice, “Happy are the dead,” said he, “for they rest in peace, and are gone to receive the reward of their piety and valour!
Who acts: length, cavaliers, Pelistes · What happens: lift up, be, say, rest, receive, reward · To what, where: voice, length, peace, reward, piety · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Meeting Between the Patriot Pelistes and the Traitor Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (length, cavaliers, Pelistes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 length | case |
| 2 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Happy | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 lifting | punct |
| 4 | lifting | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 length | acl |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 lifting | compound:prt |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 voice | nmod:poss |
| 7 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lifting | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 length | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Happy | punct |
| 10 | Happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 dead | conj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 dead | cop |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 dead | det |
| 13 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 said | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 dead | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 dead | punct |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 gone | nsubj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 gone | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 gone | punct |
| 20 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 rest | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 rest | nsubj |
| 22 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 gone | advcl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 peace | case |
| 24 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rest | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 rest | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 gone | cc |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 gone | cop |
| 28 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 said | ccomp |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 receive | mark |
| 30 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 gone | advcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 reward | det |
| 32 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 receive | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 piety | case |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 piety | nmod:poss |
| 35 | piety | piety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 reward | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 valour | cc |
| 37 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 piety | conj |
| 38 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | gerund | length not said here | Pelistes's voice | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be in a quote | length | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | dead property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | say speech: express | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 5 | rest in a quote | present | cavaliers = cavalier | peace | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in peace=Location | ||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | Pelistes | go property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | receive in a quote | to-infinitive | Pelistes not said here | the reward of cavaliers's piety and valour | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Theme | ||||
| 8 | reward in a quote | cavaliers's piety and valour | nom reward «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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