Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona., sentence 14
Shortly after the Arabs had encamped before their walls, a band of cavaliers made a sudden sally one morning before the break of day, fell upon the enemy by surprise, killed above three hundred of them in their tents, and effected their retreat into the city; leaving twenty of their number dead, covered with honourable wounds, and in the very centre of the camp.
Who acts: Arabs, band, surprise · What happens: encamp, make, fall, kill, affect, leave · To what, where: sudden sally, centre, enemy, three hundred, tents, retreat
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs, band, surprise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 6 encamped | advmod |
| 2 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 6 encamped | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Arabs | det |
| 4 | Arabs | Arab | PROPN | Number=Plur | 6 encamped | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 encamped | aux |
| 6 | encamped | encamp | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 made | advcl |
| 7 | before | before | ADP | _ | 9 walls | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 walls | nmod:poss |
| 9 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 encamped | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 encamped | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 band | det |
| 12 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 cavaliers | case |
| 14 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 band | nmod |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 sally | det |
| 17 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sally | amod |
| 18 | sally | sally | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 morning | nummod |
| 20 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sally | nmod:unmarked |
| 21 | before | before | ADP | _ | 23 break | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 break | det |
| 23 | break | break | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 day | case |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 break | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 fell | punct |
| 27 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | conj |
| 28 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 enemy | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 enemy | det |
| 30 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 fell | obl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 surprise | case |
| 32 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 fell | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 killed | punct |
| 34 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 surprise | acl |
| 35 | above | above | ADV | _ | 37 hundred | advmod |
| 36 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 hundred | compound |
| 37 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 killed | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 them | case |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 hundred | nmod |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 tents | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 tents | nmod:poss |
| 42 | tents | tent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 hundred | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 effected | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 effected | cc |
| 45 | effected | affect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | conj |
| 46 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 retreat | nmod:poss |
| 47 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 effected | obj |
| 48 | into | into | ADP | _ | 50 city | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 city | det |
| 50 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 effected | obl |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 leaving | punct |
| 52 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 made | advcl |
| 53 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 57 dead | compound |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 number | case |
| 55 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 number | nmod:poss |
| 56 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 twenty | nmod |
| 57 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 leaving | advcl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 covered | punct |
| 59 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 leaving | advcl |
| 60 | with | with | ADP | _ | 62 wounds | case |
| 61 | honourable | honourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 wounds | amod |
| 62 | wounds | wound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 covered | obl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 centre | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 centre | cc |
| 65 | in | in | ADP | _ | 68 centre | case |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 centre | det |
| 67 | very | very | ADV | _ | 68 centre | advmod |
| 68 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 camp | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 camp | det |
| 71 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 centre | nmod |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encamp | past · perfect | the Arabs | before Arabs's walls | shortly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | past | a band of cavaliers | a sudden sally one morning | the centre of the camp | before the break of day | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sally=Product | ||
| 3 | fall | past | a band of cavaliers not said here | the enemy | by surprise | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon enemy=Location | |||
| 4 | kill | participle | surprise not said here | three hundred of Arabs | Arabs's tents | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme | |||
| 5 | affect | past | a band of cavaliers not said here | Arabs's retreat | the city | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus retreat=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | leave | gerund | a band of cavaliers not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | cover | participle | a band of cavaliers not said here | with honourable wounds | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with wound=Theme | ||||
| 8 | break | day | nom break «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/28/14/