Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 20
In the mean time, bodies of troops had been secretly and silently marched to reinforce the outposts; and the renegado Magued, with a numerous force, had formed an ambuscade in a deep stone quarry by which the Christians would have to pass.
Who acts: Christians · What happens: be, march, reinforce, form, have, pass · To what, where: bodies, outposts, Magued, deep stone quarry
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 3 | mean | mean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 time | amod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 marched | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 time | punct |
| 6 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 marched | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 troops | case |
| 8 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 6 bodies | nmod |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 marched | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 secretly | cop |
| 11 | secretly | secretly | ADV | _ | 14 marched | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 silently | cc |
| 13 | silently | silently | ADV | _ | 11 secretly | conj |
| 14 | marched | march | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 reinforce | mark |
| 16 | reinforce | reinforce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 marched | xcomp |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 outposts | det |
| 18 | outposts | outpost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 reinforce | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 formed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 formed | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Magued | det |
| 22 | renegado | renegado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Magued | nmod:desc |
| 23 | Magued | Magued | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 formed | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 force | punct |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 force | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 force | det |
| 27 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 force | amod |
| 28 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Magued | appos |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Magued | punct |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 formed | aux |
| 31 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 marched | conj |
| 32 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 ambuscade | det |
| 33 | ambuscade | ambuscade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 formed | obj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 quarry | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 quarry | det |
| 36 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 quarry | amod |
| 37 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 quarry | compound |
| 38 | quarry | quarry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 formed | obl |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 which | case |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 have | obl |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Christians | det |
| 42 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 44 have | nsubj |
| 43 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 have | aux |
| 44 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 quarry | conj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 pass | mark |
| 46 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 have | xcomp |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 marched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | participle | secretly property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | march | past · perfect · passive | bodies of troops | time | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | reinforce | to-infinitive | the outposts | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot outpost=Theme | |||||
| 4 | form | past · perfect · passive | the Magued renegado | a deep stone quarry | a ambuscade obj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | have | would | the Christians | by a deep stone quarry | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | pass | to-infinitive | the Christians not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/30/20/