Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 14
During the siege of Merida, the Christian troops which had taken refuge at Beja had reinforced themselves from Penaflor, and, suddenly returning, had presented themselves before the gates of the city of Seville.
Who acts: Beja, returning · What happens: take, reinforce, return, present · To what, where: Christian troops, troops, Penaflor
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beja, returning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 siege | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 siege | det |
| 3 | siege | siege | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taken | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Merida | case |
| 5 | Merida | Merida | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 siege | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 siege | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 troops | det |
| 8 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 troops | amod |
| 9 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 12 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 taken | aux |
| 12 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | refuge | refuge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taken | obj |
| 14 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 17 reinforced | mark |
| 15 | Beja | Beja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 reinforced | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 reinforced | aux |
| 17 | reinforced | reinforce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 taken | advcl |
| 18 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 17 reinforced | obj |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 Penaflor | case |
| 20 | Penaflor | Penaflor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 reinforced | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 presented | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 presented | cc |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 and | punct |
| 24 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 25 returning | advmod |
| 25 | returning | return | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 presented | csubj:pass |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 returning | punct |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 presented | aux |
| 28 | presented | present | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 taken | conj |
| 29 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 28 presented | obj |
| 30 | before | before | ADP | _ | 32 gates | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 gates | det |
| 32 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 presented | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 city | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 city | det |
| 35 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gates | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 Seville | case |
| 37 | Seville | Seville | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 city | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · perfect · passive | the Christian troops | during the siege of Merida | refuge obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme refuge=Destination | |||
| 2 | reinforce | past · perfect | Beja | troops | Penaflor | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot themselves=Theme | |||
| 3 | return | gerund | suddenly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | present | past · perfect | returning | troops | before the gates of the city of Seville | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/14/