Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 62
Come, my friends,” said he, turning to his principal cavaliers, “let us leave these hot-headed striplings and make our retreat; if we tarry any longer, the enemy will be upon us.”
Who acts: you, friends, us, enemy · What happens: come, say, turn, let, leave, make · To what, where: principal cavaliers, us, headed striplings, retreat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, friends, us, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Come | come | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 3 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 friends | nmod:poss |
| 4 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 friends | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 friends | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Come | conj |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 turning | punct |
| 10 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 said | advcl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 cavaliers | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 cavaliers | nmod:poss |
| 13 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cavaliers | amod |
| 14 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 turning | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 17 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 turning | advcl |
| 18 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 let | obj |
| 19 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 let | xcomp |
| 20 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 striplings | det |
| 21 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 headed | amod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 hot | punct |
| 23 | headed | headed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 striplings | amod |
| 24 | striplings | stripling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 leave | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 make | cc |
| 26 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 leave | conj |
| 27 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 retreat | nmod:poss |
| 28 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 make | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 tarry | punct |
| 30 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 32 tarry | mark |
| 31 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 tarry | nsubj |
| 32 | tarry | tarry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Come | parataxis |
| 33 | any | any | ADV | _ | 34 longer | advmod |
| 34 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 32 tarry | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 us | punct |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 enemy | det |
| 37 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 us | nsubj |
| 38 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 us | aux |
| 39 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 us | cop |
| 40 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 41 us | case |
| 41 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 tarry | advcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Come | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | imperative | you not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | my friends | pestilence nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | turn in a quote | gerund | my friends not said here | pestilence's principal cavaliers | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to cavalier=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | my friends not said here | us | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | leave | infinitive | us not said here | this headed striplings | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripling=Theme | ||||
| 6 | make | present | us not said here | our retreat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset retreat=Product | ||||
| 7 | is | future | the enemy | upon us | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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