Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 87
At the dawn of day the gates were thrown open, and Abdalasis looked to see a great force issuing forth; but, to his surprise, beheld merely Theodomir and his page in battered armour, followed by a multitude of old men, women, and children.
Who acts: Abdalasis, great force, surprise, multitude, Theodomir · What happens: throw, look, see, issue, behold, batter · To what, where: gates, great force, Theodomir, battered armour, surprise
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abdalasis, great force, surprise, multitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 dawn | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 dawn | det |
| 3 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 thrown | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 day | case |
| 5 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dawn | nmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gates | det |
| 7 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 thrown | aux:pass |
| 9 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 thrown | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 looked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 looked | cc |
| 13 | Abdalasis | Abdalasis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 looked | nsubj |
| 14 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 thrown | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 see | mark |
| 16 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 looked | xcomp |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 force | det |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 force | amod |
| 19 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 see | obj |
| 20 | issuing | issue | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 force | acl |
| 21 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 20 issuing | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 followed | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 followed | cc |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 surprise | punct |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 surprise | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 surprise | nmod:poss |
| 27 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 followed | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 beheld | punct |
| 29 | beheld | behold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 surprise | acl |
| 30 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 31 Theodomir | advmod |
| 31 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 beheld | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 page | cc |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 page | nmod:poss |
| 34 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Theodomir | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 armour | case |
| 36 | battered | batter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 armour | amod |
| 37 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 beheld | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 followed | punct |
| 39 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 thrown | advcl |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 multitude | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 multitude | det |
| 42 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 followed | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 men | case |
| 44 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 men | amod |
| 45 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 multitude | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 women | punct |
| 47 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 men | conj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 children | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 children | cc |
| 50 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 thrown | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 thrown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw | past · passive | the gates | dawn | children obl; open property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | look | past | Abdalasis | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see | to-infinitive | Abdalasis not said here | a great force | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer force=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | issue | gerund | a great force not said here | forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | behold | participle | Abdalasis's surprise not said here | Theodomir and Theodomir's page | battered armour | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | batter | participle | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | follow | participle · passive | a multitude of old men and women | Abdalasis's surprise | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 8 | surprise | Abdalasis | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | page | Theodomir | nom page «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/87/