Legends of the conquest of Spain, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza., sentence 33
The rabble, however, had been embittered against him from his having restrained their depredations, and because they thought him an apostate in his heart, secretly bent upon betraying them to the Christians.
Who acts: rabble, cavaliers · What happens: embitter, have, restrain, think, betray · To what, where: rabble, depredations, cavaliers
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rabble, cavaliers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rabble | det |
| 2 | rabble | rabble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 restrained | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 rabble | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 8 embittered | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 embittered | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 embittered | aux:pass |
| 8 | embittered | embitter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 rabble | acl:relcl |
| 9 | against | against | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 embittered | obl |
| 11 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 13 having | mark |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Gender=Masc Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 having | nsubj |
| 13 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 embittered | advcl |
| 14 | restrained | restrain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 depredations | nmod:poss |
| 16 | depredations | depredation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 restrained | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 thought | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 thought | cc |
| 19 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 21 thought | mark |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 thought | nsubj |
| 21 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 restrained | conj |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 thought | obj |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 apostate | det |
| 24 | apostate | apostate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 thought | xcomp |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 heart | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 heart | nmod:poss |
| 27 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 apostate | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bent | punct |
| 29 | secretly | secretly | ADV | _ | 30 bent | advmod |
| 30 | bent | bent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 apostate | appos |
| 31 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 32 betraying | mark |
| 32 | betraying | betray | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 bent | advcl |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 betraying | obj |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 Christians | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Christians | det |
| 36 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 32 betraying | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 restrained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | embitter | past · perfect · passive | the rabble not said here | against rabble; however property | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient» | ||||
| 2 | have | gerund | rabble | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | restrain | past | the rabble | cavaliers's depredations | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer depredation=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | past | cavaliers = cavalier | rabble | a apostate in rabble's heart xcomp | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot he=Theme | |||
| 5 | betray | gerund | cavaliers = cavalier not said here | cavaliers = cavalier | to the Christians | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/38/33/