Legends of the conquest of Spain, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy., sentence 11
Several kings, from time to time, have caused the gate to be thrown open, and have attempted to enter, but have paid dearly for their temerity.
Who acts: Several kings · What happens: cause, throw, attempt, enter, pay · To what, where: gate
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 kings | amod |
| 2 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 caused | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 time | punct |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 time | case |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 kings | appos |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 time | case |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 time | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 kings | punct |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 caused | aux |
| 10 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 gate | det |
| 12 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 caused | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 thrown | mark |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 thrown | aux:pass |
| 15 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 caused | parataxis |
| 16 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 thrown | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 attempted | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 attempted | cc |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 attempted | aux |
| 20 | attempted | attempt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 thrown | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 enter | mark |
| 22 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 attempted | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 paid | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 paid | cc |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 paid | aux |
| 26 | paid | pay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 caused | parataxis |
| 27 | dearly | dearly | ADV | _ | 26 paid | advmod |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 temerity | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 temerity | nmod:poss |
| 30 | temerity | temerity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 paid | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · perfect | Several kings | the gate | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition gate=Patient | ||||
| 2 | throw | to-infinitive · passive | open property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 3 | attempt | present · perfect | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | enter not said to happen | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | pay | present · perfect | for kings's temerity; dearly property | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for temerity=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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