Legends of the conquest of Spain, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy., sentence 12
Some have perished within the threshold, others have been overwhelmed with horror at tremendous sounds, which shook the foundations of the earth, and have hastened to reclose the door, and secure it with its thousand locks.
Who acts: tremendous sounds · What happens: perish, overwhelm, shake, hasten, reclose, secure · To what, where: Some, others, tremendous sounds, foundations, door
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tremendous sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 perished | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 perished | aux |
| 3 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | within | within | ADP | _ | 6 threshold | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 threshold | det |
| 6 | threshold | threshold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 perished | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 overwhelmed | punct |
| 8 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 overwhelmed | nsubj |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 overwhelmed | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 overwhelmed | aux:pass |
| 11 | overwhelmed | overwhelm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 perished | conj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 horror | case |
| 13 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 overwhelmed | obl |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 sounds | case |
| 15 | tremendous | tremendous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 sounds | amod |
| 16 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 overwhelmed | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 shook | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 shook | nsubj |
| 19 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 sounds | acl:relcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 foundations | det |
| 21 | foundations | foundation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 shook | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 earth | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 earth | det |
| 24 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 foundations | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 hastened | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 hastened | cc |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 hastened | aux |
| 28 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 shook | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 reclose | mark |
| 30 | reclose | reclose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 hastened | xcomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 door | det |
| 32 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reclose | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 secure | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 secure | cc |
| 35 | secure | secure | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 perished | parataxis |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 secure | obj |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 locks | case |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 locks | nmod:poss |
| 39 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 locks | nummod |
| 40 | locks | lock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 secure | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 perished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perish | present · perfect · passive | Some | within the threshold | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | overwhelm | present · perfect · passive | others | tremendous sounds | with horror | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | shake | past | tremendous sounds | the foundations of the earth | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent foundation=Patient | ||||
| 4 | hasten | present · perfect | tremendous sounds not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | reclose | to-infinitive | tremendous sounds not said here | the door | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | secure | infinitive | door | with door's thousand locks | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent it=Patient with lock=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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