Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 20
The venerable archbishop Urbino likewise implored him not to disturb a mystery which had been held sacred from generation to generation, within the memory of man; and which even Cæsar himself, when sovereign of Spain, had not ventured to invade.
Who acts: venerable archbishop · What happens: implore, not disturb, hold, not venture, invade · To what, where: Urbino, mystery, generation, Cæsar
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (venerable archbishop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 archbishop | det |
| 2 | venerable | venerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 archbishop | amod |
| 3 | archbishop | archbishop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 implored | nsubj |
| 4 | Urbino | Urbino | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 archbishop | appos |
| 5 | likewise | likewise | ADV | _ | 6 implored | advmod |
| 6 | implored | implore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 implored | obj |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 disturb | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 disturb | mark |
| 10 | disturb | disturb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 implored | advcl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 mystery | det |
| 12 | mystery | mystery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 disturb | obj |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 held | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 held | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 held | aux:pass |
| 16 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 mystery | acl:relcl |
| 17 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 held | xcomp |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 generation | case |
| 19 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 held | obl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 generation | case |
| 21 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 generation | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 memory | punct |
| 23 | within | within | ADP | _ | 25 memory | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 memory | det |
| 25 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 held | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 man | case |
| 27 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 memory | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 ventured | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 ventured | cc |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 Cæsar | nsubj |
| 31 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 Cæsar | advmod |
| 32 | Cæsar | Cæsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 ventured | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 32 Cæsar | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 sovereign | punct |
| 35 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 sovereign | advmod |
| 36 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Cæsar | appos |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Spain | case |
| 38 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 sovereign | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Cæsar | punct |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 ventured | aux |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 42 ventured | advmod |
| 42 | ventured | venture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 implored | conj |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 invade | mark |
| 44 | invade | invade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 ventured | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 implored | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | implore | past | the venerable archbishop | Urbino | likewise property | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | not disturb | to-infinitive | the venerable archbishop not said here | a mystery | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mystery=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | hold | past · perfect · passive | a mystery | from generation to generation | within the memory of man; sacred property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 4 | not venture | past · perfect · passive | Cæsar Cæsar | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | invade | to-infinitive | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/20/