Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 73
The heavens were darkened by heavy clouds; loud bursts of thunder rent the air, and the earth was deluged with rain and rattling hail.
Who acts: heavy clouds, loud bursts · What happens: darken, rent, deluge, rattle, burst · To what, where: heavens, air, earth, hail, thunder
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy clouds, loud bursts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 heavens | det |
| 2 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 darkened | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 darkened | aux:pass |
| 4 | darkened | darken | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 clouds | case |
| 6 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 clouds | amod |
| 7 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 darkened | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 rent | punct |
| 9 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 bursts | amod |
| 10 | bursts | burst | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rent | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 thunder | case |
| 12 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 bursts | nmod |
| 13 | rent | rent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 darkened | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 air | det |
| 15 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rent | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 deluged | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 deluged | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 earth | det |
| 19 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 deluged | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 deluged | aux:pass |
| 21 | deluged | deluge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 darkened | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 rain | case |
| 23 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 deluged | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 rattling | cc |
| 25 | rattling | rattle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 deluged | conj |
| 26 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 rattling | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 darkened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | darken | past · passive | heavy clouds | the heavens | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | rent | present | loud bursts of thunder | the air | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 3 | deluge | past · passive | the earth | with rain | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with rain=Theme | ||||
| 4 | rattle | gerund | hail | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hail=Theme | |||||
| 5 | burst | thunder | nom burst «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/73/