Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 74
The king ordered that the iron portal should be closed; but the door was immoveable, and the cavaliers were dismayed by the tremendous turmoil and the mingled shouts and groans that continued to prevail within.
Who acts: king, door, tremendous turmoil, that · What happens: order, close, be, dismay, mingle, shout · To what, where: iron portal, cavaliers
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, door, tremendous turmoil, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 king | det |
| 2 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ordered | nsubj |
| 3 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 closed | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 portal | det |
| 6 | iron | iron | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 portal | amod |
| 7 | portal | portal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 closed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 closed | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 closed | aux:pass |
| 10 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 ordered | xcomp |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 immoveable | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 immoveable | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 door | det |
| 14 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 immoveable | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 immoveable | cop |
| 16 | immoveable | immoveable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 ordered | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dismayed | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 dismayed | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 cavaliers | det |
| 20 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dismayed | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dismayed | aux:pass |
| 22 | dismayed | dismay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 immoveable | conj |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 turmoil | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 turmoil | det |
| 25 | tremendous | tremendous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 turmoil | amod |
| 26 | turmoil | turmoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dismayed | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 shouts | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 shouts | det |
| 29 | mingled | mingle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 shouts | mark |
| 30 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 dismayed | conj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 groans | cc |
| 32 | groans | groan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 shouts | conj |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 continued | nsubj |
| 34 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 groans | ccomp |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 prevail | mark |
| 36 | prevail | prevail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 continued | xcomp |
| 37 | within | within | ADP | _ | 36 prevail | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ordered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | order | past | the king | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | close not said to happen | should · passive | the iron portal | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the door | immoveable property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dismay | past · passive | the tremendous turmoil | the cavaliers | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | mingle | participle | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | shout speech: express | present | the tremendous turmoil not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | groan | present | the tremendous turmoil not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | continue | past | that | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | prevail | to-infinitive | that not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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