Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 21
“What tidings from the king?” said the count, as the page knelt before him: “None, my lord,” replied the youth, “but I bear a letter sent in all haste by the Lady Florinda.”
Who acts: tidings, page, None · What happens: say, kneel, reply, bear, send · To what, where: count, youth, letter, haste · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tidings, page, None), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 2 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 3 tidings | det |
| 3 | tidings | tiding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 said | nsubj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 king | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 king | det |
| 6 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tidings | nmod |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 tidings | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 tidings | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 count | det |
| 11 | count | count | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 knelt | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 knelt | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 page | det |
| 15 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 knelt | nsubj |
| 16 | knelt | kneel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 replied | advcl |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 knelt | obl |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 None | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 None | punct |
| 21 | None | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 27 replied | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lord | punct |
| 23 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 lord | nmod:poss |
| 24 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 None | appos |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lord | punct |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 lord | punct |
| 27 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 youth | det |
| 29 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 replied | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 bear | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 bear | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 bear | cc |
| 33 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 bear | nsubj |
| 34 | bear | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 replied | parataxis |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 letter | det |
| 36 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 bear | obj |
| 37 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 letter | acl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 haste | case |
| 39 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 haste | det |
| 40 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sent | obl |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 Florinda | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Florinda | det |
| 43 | Lady | Lady | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Florinda | compound |
| 44 | Florinda | Florinda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 sent | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 bear | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | what tidings from the king | the count | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent count=Topic | ||||
| 2 | kneel | past | the page | before king | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location | ||||
| 3 | reply speech: assert | past | None | the youth | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | bear in a quote | present | None | a letter | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient | ||||
| 5 | send in a quote | participle | a letter not said here | all haste | by the Lady Florinda | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in haste=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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