Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 12, sentence 18
Soon he came to the top Of a high hill, and looking Afar o’er all the land Beheld, away in the distance, A wigwam, and knew in his heart That an enemy dwelt therein; And coming to it he found An old woman with two fair daughters.
Who acts: wolf, That · What happens: come, look, know, dwell, find · To what, where: top, Afar o’er, heart, enemy, old woman
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolf, That), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 top | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 top | det |
| 6 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 7 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 10 hill | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 hill | det |
| 9 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 hill | amod |
| 10 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 top | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 looking | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 looking | cc |
| 13 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 came | advcl |
| 14 | Afar | Afar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 o’er | compound |
| 15 | o’er | o'er | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 looking | obj |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 land | det:predet |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 land | det |
| 18 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 looking | obl |
| 19 | Beheld | Beheld | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 land | appos |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 away | punct |
| 21 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 looking | advmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 distance | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 distance | det |
| 24 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 away | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 wigwam | punct |
| 26 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 wigwam | det |
| 27 | wigwam | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 distance | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 knew | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 knew | cc |
| 30 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | parataxis |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 heart | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 heart | nmod:poss |
| 33 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 knew | obl |
| 34 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 dwelt | nsubj |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 enemy | det |
| 36 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dwelt | nsubj |
| 37 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 knew | conj |
| 38 | therein | therein | ADV | _ | 37 dwelt | advmod |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 found | punct |
| 40 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 found | cc |
| 41 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 found | advcl |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 it | case |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 coming | obl |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 found | nsubj |
| 45 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 46 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 woman | det |
| 47 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 woman | amod |
| 48 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 found | obj |
| 49 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 daughters | case |
| 50 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 52 daughters | nummod |
| 51 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 daughters | amod |
| 52 | daughters | daughter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 found | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | wolf | the top of a high hill | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to top=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | look | gerund | wolf not said here | Afar o’er | all land obl; away property | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme o'er=Attribute | |||
| 3 | know | past | wolf's heart | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | dwell | past | That | a enemy nsubj; therein property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | come | gerund | wolf not said here | enemy | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to it=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | find | past | wolf | a old woman | with two fair daughters | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/12/18/