Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 13, sentence 119
The lake was frozen over For many months in the year; One day, when she cut away The ice, she saw in the water A pair of wonderful eyes Steadily gazing at her; Bright eyes which charmed her so That she could not move a hand; Then she saw a handsome face And a graceful slender young man, Who rose from the glittering water, And he himself, like it, Glittered from head to foot; On his breast were _nʾskemanul_, Or shining silvery plates.
Who acts: Passion, Bright eyes, graceful slender young man · What happens: freeze over, cut away, see, gaze, charm, not move · To what, where: lake, ice, pair, water, Passion, hand
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Passion, Bright eyes, graceful slender young man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 lake | det |
| 2 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frozen | aux:pass |
| 4 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADV | _ | 4 frozen | advmod |
| 6 | For | for | ADP | _ | 8 months | case |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 months | amod |
| 8 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 frozen | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 year | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 year | det |
| 11 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 months | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 day | punct |
| 13 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 day | nummod |
| 14 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cut | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 cut | punct |
| 16 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 18 cut | mark |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 cut | nsubj |
| 18 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 frozen | parataxis |
| 19 | away | away | ADV | _ | 18 cut | advmod |
| 20 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 ice | det |
| 21 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cut | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 saw | punct |
| 23 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 saw | nsubj |
| 24 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 cut | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 water | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 water | det |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 saw | obl |
| 28 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 pair | det |
| 29 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 saw | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 eyes | case |
| 31 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 eyes | amod |
| 32 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 pair | nmod |
| 33 | Steadily | steadily | ADV | _ | 34 gazing | advmod |
| 34 | gazing | gaze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 saw | advcl |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 her | case |
| 36 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 gazing | obl |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 charmed | punct |
| 38 | Bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 eyes | amod |
| 39 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 charmed | nsubj |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 charmed | nsubj |
| 41 | charmed | charm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frozen | conj |
| 42 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 charmed | obj |
| 43 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 48 move | mark |
| 44 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 so | fixed |
| 45 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 move | nsubj |
| 46 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 move | aux |
| 47 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 move | advmod |
| 48 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 charmed | advcl |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 hand | det |
| 50 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 move | obj |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 54 saw | punct |
| 52 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 54 saw | advmod |
| 53 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 saw | nsubj |
| 54 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frozen | parataxis |
| 55 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 face | det |
| 56 | handsome | handsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 face | amod |
| 57 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 saw | obj |
| 58 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 man | cc |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 man | det |
| 60 | graceful | graceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 man | amod |
| 61 | slender | slender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 man | amod |
| 62 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 man | amod |
| 63 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 face | conj |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 rose | punct |
| 65 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 66 rose | nsubj |
| 66 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 man | acl:relcl |
| 67 | from | from | ADP | _ | 70 water | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 water | det |
| 69 | glittering | glittering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 water | compound |
| 70 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 rose | obl |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 himself | punct |
| 72 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 himself | cc |
| 73 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 himself | nsubj |
| 74 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 54 saw | obl |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 it | punct |
| 76 | like | like | ADP | _ | 77 it | case |
| 77 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 saw | obl |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 Glittered | punct |
| 79 | Glittered | glitter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 saw | conj |
| 80 | from | from | ADP | _ | 81 head | case |
| 81 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 Glittered | obl |
| 82 | to | to | ADP | _ | 83 foot | case |
| 83 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 Glittered | obl |
| 84 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 90 nʾskemanul | punct |
| 85 | On | on | ADP | _ | 87 breast | case |
| 86 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 87 breast | nmod:poss |
| 87 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 90 nʾskemanul | obl |
| 88 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 90 nʾskemanul | cop |
| 89 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 90 nʾskemanul | punct |
| 90 | nʾskemanul | nʾskemanul | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 frozen | parataxis |
| 91 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 90 nʾskemanul | punct |
| 92 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 shining | punct |
| 93 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 94 shining | cc |
| 94 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 90 nʾskemanul | advcl |
| 95 | silvery | silvery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 96 plates | amod |
| 96 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 94 shining | obj |
| 97 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 frozen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze over | past · passive | the lake | month | over property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | |||
| 2 | cut away | present | Passion | the ice | day | away property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Product | ||
| 3 | see | past | Passion | a pair of wonderful eyes | the water | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pair=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | gaze | gerund | Passion not said here | at Passion; steadily property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme | ||||
| 5 | charm | past | Bright eyes | Passion | which nsubj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | not move | could | Passion | a hand | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | ||||
| 7 | see | past | Passion | a handsome face and a graceful slender young man | then | like lake; man obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus | ||
| 8 | rise | past | a graceful slender young man | the glittering water | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from water=Initial_Location | ||||
| 9 | glitter | participle | Passion not said here | head | to foot | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 10 | is | past | man's breast | nʾskemanul property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | shine | gerund | silvery plates | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent plate=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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