Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 13, sentence 79
Yes, far away, but no one knoweth where-- Beyond the mountains or above the skies, Where in the autumn’s lengthening twilight shades, He smokes his _tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon_, His ancient tomahawk-pipe, Making the brown air Of the pleasant Indian summer.
Who acts: one · What happens: know, lengthen, smoke, make · To what, where: twilight shades, tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon, brown air
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 away | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 away | punct |
| 3 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 away | advmod |
| 4 | away | away | ADV | _ | 30 smokes | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 knoweth | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 knoweth | cc |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 one | det |
| 8 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 knoweth | nsubj |
| 9 | knoweth | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 away | parataxis |
| 10 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 knoweth | advmod |
| 11 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 14 mountains | punct |
| 12 | Beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 14 mountains | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 mountains | det |
| 14 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 knoweth | conj |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 skies | cc |
| 16 | above | above | ADP | _ | 18 skies | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 skies | det |
| 18 | skies | sky | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 mountains | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lengthening | punct |
| 20 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 25 lengthening | advmod |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 autumn | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 autumn | det |
| 23 | autumn | autumn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lengthening | compound |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 autumn | case |
| 25 | lengthening | lengthen | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 mountains | acl |
| 26 | twilight | twilight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 shades | amod |
| 27 | shades | shade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lengthening | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 away | punct |
| 29 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 smokes | nsubj |
| 30 | smokes | smoke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon | nmod:poss |
| 32 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 33 tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon | punct |
| 33 | tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon | tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 smokes | obj |
| 34 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 smokes | punct |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 pipe | punct |
| 36 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 pipe | nmod:poss |
| 37 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 pipe | amod |
| 38 | tomahawk | tomahawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 pipe | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 tomahawk | punct |
| 40 | pipe | pipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 smokes | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Making | punct |
| 42 | Making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 pipe | conj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 air | det |
| 44 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 air | amod |
| 45 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Making | obj |
| 46 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 50 summer | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 summer | det |
| 48 | pleasant | pleasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 summer | amod |
| 49 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 summer | amod |
| 50 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 air | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 smokes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | no one | the mountains or the skies conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | lengthen | gerund | twilight shades | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent shade=Patient | |||||
| 3 | smoke | present | Kulóskap's tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon | Kulóskap's ancient tomahawk pipe obl; Kulóskap nsubj | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent tūmʾhîgʾnpowâgon=Source | ||||
| 4 | make | gerund | the brown air of the pleasant Indian summer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset air=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/79/