Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 118
No human being Was in the Northland, But o’er it all Was beautiful sunshine; There she beheld At a long distance A wonderful land: Broad shining lakes, High blue mountains, Bright rolling rivers All strange and sweet.
Who acts: Laʿtogwesnuk, human Was Northland · What happens: be, behold, shine, roll · To what, where: human Was Northland, beautiful sunshine, wonderful land
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Laʿtogwesnuk, human Was Northland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 Northland | det |
| 2 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Northland | amod |
| 3 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 Northland | cop |
| 4 | Was | Be | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 Northland | compound |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Northland | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Northland | det |
| 7 | Northland | Northland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 beheld | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sunshine | punct |
| 9 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 sunshine | cc |
| 10 | o’er | o'er | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 sunshine | nsubj |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 it | det |
| 13 | Was | Be | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 sunshine | cop |
| 14 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 sunshine | amod |
| 15 | sunshine | sunshine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Northland | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 beheld | punct |
| 17 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 beheld | expl |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 beheld | nsubj |
| 19 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | At | at | ADP | _ | 23 distance | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 distance | det |
| 22 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 distance | amod |
| 23 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 beheld | obl |
| 24 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 land | det |
| 25 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 land | amod |
| 26 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 beheld | obl |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 lakes | punct |
| 28 | Broad | Broad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 lakes | compound |
| 29 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 lakes | amod |
| 30 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beheld | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 mountains | punct |
| 32 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 mountains | amod |
| 33 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 mountains | amod |
| 34 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 lakes | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 rivers | punct |
| 36 | Bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rivers | amod |
| 37 | rolling | roll | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 rivers | amod |
| 38 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 lakes | conj |
| 39 | All | all | ADV | _ | 40 strange | advmod |
| 40 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rivers | amod |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 sweet | cc |
| 42 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 strange | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 beheld | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | no human Was Northland but beautiful sunshine | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a | Laʿtogwesnuk | beautiful sunshine | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | behold | past | no human Was Northland but beautiful sunshine | a wonderful land | there | at a long distance; Broad shining lakes and High blue mountains and Bright rolling rivers obl; heed nsubj | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||
| 4 | shine | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | roll | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/118/