Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 95
As they went to battle, Terrible slaughter Followed their onrush; Desperate squirrels Heedless of death Clung to the birch-tree Wingèd warriors By many thousands Swarmed on the foe; Many a horse-fly Beheld no more His wife and children; Many a hornet Sat no more By the fire of his wigwam; The dying bumble-bee Chanted his death song.
Who acts: flies, Terrible slaughter, Many, dying bumble bee, squirrel · What happens: go, battle, follow, swarm, behold, sit · To what, where: Heedless, onrush, many thousands, foe, horse fly, more
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flies, Terrible slaughter, Many, dying bumble bee), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 went | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 65 Chanted | advcl |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 battle | mark |
| 5 | battle | battle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 went | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Followed | punct |
| 7 | Terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 slaughter | amod |
| 8 | slaughter | slaughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Followed | nsubj |
| 9 | Followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 battle | advcl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 onrush | nmod:poss |
| 11 | onrush | onrush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Followed | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 13 | Desperate | desperate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 squirrels | amod |
| 14 | squirrels | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 Heedless | nsubj |
| 15 | Heedless | Heedless | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 death | case |
| 17 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Heedless | nmod |
| 18 | Clung | Clung | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Heedless | flat |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 tree | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 tree | det |
| 21 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tree | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 birch | punct |
| 23 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 warriors | compound |
| 24 | Wingèd | Wingèd | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 warriors | compound |
| 25 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 went | obj |
| 26 | By | by | ADP | _ | 28 thousands | case |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 thousands | amod |
| 28 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 went | obl |
| 29 | Swarmed | swarm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 thousands | acl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 foe | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 foe | det |
| 32 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 Swarmed | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 Sat | punct |
| 34 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 Sat | nsubj |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 fly | det |
| 36 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fly | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 horse | punct |
| 38 | fly | fly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 Many | appos |
| 39 | Beheld | behold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 fly | acl |
| 40 | no | no | ADV | _ | 41 more | advmod |
| 41 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 39 Beheld | advmod |
| 42 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 wife | nmod:poss |
| 43 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Beheld | obl:agent |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 children | cc |
| 45 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 wife | conj |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 Sat | punct |
| 47 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 hornet | amod |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 hornet | det |
| 49 | hornet | hornet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 Sat | nsubj |
| 50 | Sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 51 | no | no | ADV | _ | 52 more | advmod |
| 52 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 50 Sat | obj |
| 53 | By | by | ADP | _ | 55 fire | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 fire | det |
| 55 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 Sat | obl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 wigwam | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 wigwam | nmod:poss |
| 58 | wigwam | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 fire | nmod |
| 59 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 60 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 bee | det |
| 61 | dying | die | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 64 bee | amod |
| 62 | bumble | bumble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 bee | compound |
| 63 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 62 bumble | punct |
| 64 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 Chanted | nsubj |
| 65 | Chanted | chant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 66 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 68 song | nmod:poss |
| 67 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 song | compound |
| 68 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 Chanted | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 65 Chanted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | flies = fly | Heedless Desperate squirrels of death | by many thousands; tree Wingèd warriors obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | battle | to-infinitive | flies = fly not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | follow | past | Terrible slaughter | flies's onrush | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent onrush=Theme | ||||
| 4 | swarm | participle | many thousands not said here | the foe | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on foe=Location | ||||
| 5 | behold | participle | a horse fly not said here | squirrel's wife and children obl:agent | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | sit | past | Many | more | by the fire of squirrel's wigwam; a Many hornet nsubj | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent more=Theme by fire=Location | |||
| 7 | die | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 8 | chant | past | the dying bumble bee | squirrel's death song | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic | ||||
| 9 | fire | squirrel's wigwam | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | sing | squirrel | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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