Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 17, sentence 44
Little Leaf listened in silence Being by nature very cunning, Trained to suspicion from his childhood; Thus his grandmother ever taught him: “My child--beware of all living creatures, Even the very smallest insect May eat your life out.
Who acts: Little Leaf, silence, cunning, grandmother, child, smallest insect · What happens: listen, be, train, suspicion, teach, beware · To what, where: cunning, nature, childhood, LEAF, life · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Leaf, silence, cunning, grandmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Leaf | amod |
| 2 | Leaf | Leaf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 listened | nsubj |
| 3 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 nature | case |
| 5 | silence | silence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 nature | nsubj |
| 6 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 nature | cop |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 nature | case |
| 8 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 listened | obl |
| 9 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 cunning | advmod |
| 10 | cunning | cunning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 listened | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Trained | punct |
| 12 | Trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 cunning | acl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 suspicion | mark |
| 14 | suspicion | suspicion | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 Trained | xcomp |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 childhood | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 childhood | nmod:poss |
| 17 | childhood | childhood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 suspicion | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 taught | punct |
| 19 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 23 taught | advmod |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 grandmother | nmod:poss |
| 21 | grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 taught | nsubj |
| 22 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 23 taught | advmod |
| 23 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 listened | parataxis |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 taught | obj |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 beware | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 beware | punct |
| 27 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 child | nmod:poss |
| 28 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 beware | nsubj |
| 29 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 28 child | punct |
| 30 | beware | beware | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 taught | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 creatures | case |
| 32 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 creatures | det |
| 33 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 creatures | amod |
| 34 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 beware | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 eat | punct |
| 36 | Even | even | ADV | _ | 42 eat | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 insect | det |
| 38 | very | very | ADV | _ | 39 smallest | advmod |
| 39 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 insect | amod |
| 40 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 eat | nsubj |
| 41 | May | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 eat | aux |
| 42 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 beware | parataxis |
| 43 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 life | nmod:poss |
| 44 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 eat | obj |
| 45 | out | out | ADP | _ | 42 eat | compound:prt |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 listened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | past | Little Leaf | cunning | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | gerund | silence | nature | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | train | participle | cunning not said here | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | suspicion | to-infinitive | cunning not said here | LEAF's childhood | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | teach speech: other | past | LEAF's grandmother | LEAF | ever | thus property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||
| 6 | beware in a quote | infinitive | My child | of all living creatures | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | live in a quote | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | eat out in a quote | may | the smallest insect | your life | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/17/44/