Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 3
Now, as of all the rogues, Rowdies and rascal roughs, The Wolves are just the worst, You may right well believe That ’twas with wondrous joy Lox heard, as night came on, Afar a long sad howl, Betokening the presence Of a pack of these pleasant folk; It was music to the ears Of the Indian Devil, Lox.
Who acts: Wolves, You, twas, night, presence · What happens: be, believe, hear, come on, betoken · To what, where: That, Afar, presence, music
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolves, You, twas, night), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 worst | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 7 rogues | case |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 as | fixed |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 rogues | det:predet |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 rogues | det |
| 7 | rogues | rogue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Now | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Rowdies | punct |
| 9 | Rowdies | rowdy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rogues | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 roughs | cc |
| 11 | rascal | rascal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 roughs | amod |
| 12 | roughs | rough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rogues | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 14 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Wolves | det |
| 15 | Wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 worst | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 worst | cop |
| 17 | just | just | ADV | _ | 19 worst | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 worst | det |
| 19 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 worst | punct |
| 21 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 believe | nsubj |
| 22 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 believe | aux |
| 23 | right | right | ADV | _ | 25 believe | advmod |
| 24 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 believe | advmod |
| 25 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 worst | parataxis |
| 26 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 believe | obj |
| 27 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 25 believe | punct |
| 28 | twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 heard | nsubj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 Lox | case |
| 30 | wondrous | wondrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 Lox | amod |
| 31 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Lox | compound |
| 32 | Lox | lox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 twas | nmod |
| 33 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 believe | parataxis |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 came | punct |
| 35 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 37 came | mark |
| 36 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 came | nsubj |
| 37 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 heard | conj |
| 38 | on | on | ADV | _ | 37 came | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 Afar | punct |
| 40 | Afar | Afar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 heard | obl |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 howl | det |
| 42 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 howl | amod |
| 43 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 howl | amod |
| 44 | howl | howl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 Betokening | punct |
| 46 | Betokening | betoken | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 heard | advcl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 presence | det |
| 48 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 Betokening | obj |
| 49 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 51 pack | case |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 pack | det |
| 51 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 presence | nmod |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 folk | case |
| 53 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 55 folk | det |
| 54 | pleasant | pleasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 folk | amod |
| 55 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 pack | nmod |
| 56 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 59 music | punct |
| 57 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 music | nsubj |
| 58 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 music | cop |
| 59 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 believe | parataxis |
| 60 | to | to | ADP | _ | 62 ears | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 ears | det |
| 62 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 music | nmod |
| 63 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 66 Devil | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 Devil | det |
| 65 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 Devil | amod |
| 66 | Devil | Devil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 ears | nmod |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 Lox | punct |
| 68 | Lox | Lox | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 Devil | flat |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 worst | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the Wolves | now | bad property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | believe | may | You | That | right, well property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | hear | past | twas with wondrous joy Lox | Afar | a long sad howl obl:unmarked | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | come on | past | night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | betoken | gerund | twas with wondrous joy Lox not said here | the presence of a pack of this pleasant folk | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is a | past | presence | music | to the ears of the Indian Devil | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/19/3/