Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 30
Then as it grew dark and darker, As the coals and sticks grew blacker, When a fire is dying away, He came to his camping place, And then it grew cold in earnest, A cold to split a flint.
Who acts: blaze, coals, fire, weather · What happens: grow, die away, come, split · To what, where: camping place, cold, flint
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blaze, coals, fire, weather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 grew | advmod |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 grew | mark |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 grew | nsubj |
| 4 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 grew | xcomp |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 darker | cc |
| 7 | darker | dark | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 dark | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 grew | punct |
| 9 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 grew | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 coals | det |
| 11 | coals | coal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 grew | nsubj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 sticks | cc |
| 13 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 coals | conj |
| 14 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | conj |
| 15 | blacker | black | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 grew | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 dying | punct |
| 17 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 21 dying | mark |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 fire | det |
| 19 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dying | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 dying | aux |
| 21 | dying | die | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 grew | advcl |
| 22 | away | away | ADV | _ | 21 dying | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 came | punct |
| 24 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 came | nsubj |
| 25 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | conj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 place | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 place | nmod:poss |
| 28 | camping | camping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 place | compound |
| 29 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 came | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grew | punct |
| 31 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 grew | cc |
| 32 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 grew | advmod |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 grew | nsubj |
| 34 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | conj |
| 35 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 grew | xcomp |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 earnest | case |
| 37 | earnest | earn | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 cold | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 cold | punct |
| 39 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 cold | det |
| 40 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grew | obl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 split | mark |
| 42 | split | split | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 grew | advcl |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 flint | det |
| 44 | flint | flint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 split | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | blaze | then | dark property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | grow | past | the coals and sticks | black property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | die away | present · progressive | a fire | away property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | come | past | weather | weather's camping place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | grow | past | blaze | a cold | then | cold property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||
| 6 | split | to-infinitive | blaze not said here | a flint | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flint=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/19/30/