Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 4
Their language differs so greatly from the dialects of the Penobscots, Abenakis, and Passamaquoddies that the members of these clans always use English or French when communicating with their Micmac neighbors, while an intelligent Passamaquoddy can without difficulty understand a Penobscot or Abenaki, if the dialect is pronounced slowly.
Who acts: language, members, intelligent Passamaquoddy · What happens: differ, use, communicate, understand, pronounce · To what, where: Passamaquoddies, Penobscot, dialect
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language, members, intelligent Passamaquoddy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 language | nmod:poss |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 differs | nsubj |
| 3 | differs | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 greatly | advmod |
| 5 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 3 differs | advmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 dialects | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 dialects | det |
| 8 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 differs | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Penobscots | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Penobscots | det |
| 11 | Penobscots | Penobscot | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 dialects | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Abenakis | punct |
| 13 | Abenakis | Abenaki | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 Penobscots | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Passamaquoddies | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Passamaquoddies | cc |
| 16 | Passamaquoddies | passamaquoddy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Penobscots | appos |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 use | obj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 members | det |
| 19 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 use | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 clans | case |
| 21 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 22 clans | det |
| 22 | clans | clan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 members | nmod |
| 23 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 24 use | advmod |
| 24 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 Passamaquoddies | acl:relcl |
| 25 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 use | obj |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 French | cc |
| 27 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 English | conj |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 communicating | advmod |
| 29 | communicating | communicate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 use | advcl |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 neighbors | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 neighbors | nmod:poss |
| 32 | Micmac | Micmac | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 neighbors | compound |
| 33 | neighbors | neighbor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 communicating | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 understand | punct |
| 35 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 42 understand | mark |
| 36 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 Passamaquoddy | det |
| 37 | intelligent | intelligent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Passamaquoddy | amod |
| 38 | Passamaquoddy | Passamaquoddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 understand | nsubj |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 difficulty | aux |
| 40 | without | without | ADP | _ | 41 difficulty | case |
| 41 | difficulty | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Passamaquoddy | appos |
| 42 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 differs | parataxis |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 Penobscot | det |
| 44 | Penobscot | Penobscot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 understand | obj |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 Abenaki | cc |
| 46 | Abenaki | Abenaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Penobscot | conj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 pronounced | punct |
| 48 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 52 pronounced | mark |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 dialect | det |
| 50 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 pronounced | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 pronounced | aux:pass |
| 52 | pronounced | pronounce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 understand | conj |
| 53 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 52 pronounced | advmod |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 differs | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | differ | present | Micmacs's language | from the dialects of the Penobscots and Abenakis; greatly property | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from dialect=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | present | the members of this clans | Passamaquoddies | English or French obj; always property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | communicate | gerund | the members of this clans not said here | with Micmacs's Micmac neighbors | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with neighbor=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | understand | present | a intelligent Passamaquoddy | a Penobscot or Abenaki | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer penobscot=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | pronounce a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | the dialect | slowly property | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/3/4/