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Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 86

Whether they with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Europe, crossing by way of some long since vanished land-bridge, or whether they wandered into their present habitat from the western part of our own continent, having had their origin in pre-historic Asia, it is impossible to say and, in view of the absolute darkness in which we grope, all theories are futile.

Who acts: men, emigrants, we, view · What happens: be, cross, vanish, wander, have, say · To what, where: emigrants, palaeolithic Europe, present habitat, origin, pre-historic Asia, absolute darkness · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, emigrants, we, view), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

marknsubjcaseamodnmodcopcaseamodnmodpunctaclcaseoblcasedetnmodcaseamodcompoundpunctoblpunctccmarknsubjadvclcasenmod:possamodoblcasedetamodoblcasenmod:possamodnmodpunctadvclccompnmod:possobjcaseamodoblpunctexplcopconjmarkcsubjccpunctcasensubjcasedetamodnmodcaseoblnsubjappospunctdetnsubjcopconjpunctrootWhetherSCONJtheyPRONwithADPotherADJpeoplesNOUNwereAUXemigrantsNOUNfromADPpalaeolithicADJEuropePROPN,PUNCTcrossingVERBbyADPwayNOUNofADPsomeDETlongADJsinceADPvanishedVERBlandNOUN-PUNCTbridgeNOUN,PUNCTorCCONJwhetherSCONJtheyPRONwanderedVERBintoADPtheirPRONpresentADJhabitatNOUNfromADPtheDETwesternADJpartNOUNofADPourPRONownADJcontinentNOUN,PUNCThavingVERBhadVERBtheirPRONoriginNOUNinADPpre-historicADJAsiaPROPN,PUNCTitPRONisAUXimpossibleADJtoPARTsayVERBandCCONJ,PUNCTinADPviewNOUNofADPtheDETabsoluteADJdarknessNOUNinADPwhichPRONwePRONgropeNOUN,PUNCTallDETtheoriesNOUNareAUXfutileADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhetherwhetherSCONJ_7 emigrantsmark
2theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs7 emigrantsnsubj
3withwithADP_5 peoplescase
4otherotherADJDegree=Pos5 peoplesamod
5peoplespeopleNOUNNumber=Plur2 theynmod
6werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 emigrantscop
7emigrantsemigrantNOUNNumber=Plurrootroot
8fromfromADP_10 Europecase
9palaeolithicpalaeolithicADJDegree=Pos10 Europeamod
10EuropeEuropePROPNNumber=Sing7 emigrantsnmod
11,,PUNCT_12 crossingpunct
12crossingcrossVERBVerbForm=Ger7 emigrantsacl
13bybyADP_14 waycase
14waywayNOUNNumber=Sing12 crossingobl
15ofofADP_17 longcase
16somesomeDETPronType=Ind17 longdet
17longlongADJDegree=Pos14 waynmod
18sincesinceADP_22 bridgecase
19vanishedvanishVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass22 bridgeamod
20landlandNOUNNumber=Sing22 bridgecompound
21--PUNCT_20 landpunct
22bridgebridgeNOUNNumber=Sing12 crossingobl
23,,PUNCT_51 impossiblepunct
24ororCCONJ_51 impossiblecc
25whetherwhetherSCONJ_27 wanderedmark
26theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs27 wanderednsubj
27wanderedwanderVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin51 impossibleadvcl
28intointoADP_31 habitatcase
29theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs31 habitatnmod:poss
30presentpresentADJDegree=Pos31 habitatamod
31habitathabitatNOUNNumber=Sing27 wanderedobl
32fromfromADP_35 partcase
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 partdet
34westernwesternADJDegree=Pos35 partamod
35partpartNOUNNumber=Sing27 wanderedobl
36ofofADP_39 continentcase
37ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs39 continentnmod:poss
38ownownADJDegree=Pos39 continentamod
39continentcontinentNOUNNumber=Sing35 partnmod
40,,PUNCT_41 havingpunct
41havinghaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part27 wanderedadvcl
42hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin41 havingccomp
43theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs44 originnmod:poss
44originoriginNOUNNumber=Sing42 hadobj
45ininADP_47 Asiacase
46pre-historicpre-historicADJDegree=Pos47 Asiaamod
47AsiaAsiaPROPNNumber=Sing42 hadobl
48,,PUNCT_27 wanderedpunct
49ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs51 impossibleexpl
50isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin51 impossiblecop
51impossibleimpossibleADJDegree=Pos22 bridgeconj
52totoPART_53 saymark
53saysayVERBVerbForm=Inf51 impossiblecsubj
54andandCCONJ_70 futilecc
55,,PUNCT_57 viewpunct
56ininADP_57 viewcase
57viewviewNOUNNumber=Sing70 futilensubj
58ofofADP_61 darknesscase
59thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art61 darknessdet
60absoluteabsoluteADJDegree=Pos61 darknessamod
61darknessdarknessNOUNNumber=Sing57 viewnmod
62ininADP_63 whichcase
63whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel65 gropeobl
64wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs65 gropensubj
65gropegropeNOUNNumber=Sing61 darknessappos
66,,PUNCT_65 gropepunct
67allallDETPronType=Tot68 theoriesdet
68theoriestheoryNOUNNumber=Plur70 futilensubj
69arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin70 futilecop
70futilefutileADJDegree=Pos53 sayconj
71..PUNCT_7 emigrantspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apastmen = manemigrantspalaeolithic Europetree rules
2crossgerundemigrants not said heresince vanished land bridgeby way of some longvn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3vanishparticiplevn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4wanderpastmen = manmen's present habitatfrom the western part of our own continentvn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into habitat=Destination
5havegerundmen = man not said heretree rules
6havepastmen = man not said heremen's originpre-historic Asiavn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent origin=Patient
7ispresentemigrants not said hereimpossible propertytree rules
8say speech: assertto-infinitivevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
9gropewethe absolute darknesstree rules
10ispresentview of the absolute darknessall theories nsubj; futile propertytree rules
11viewthe absolute darknessnom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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