Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 59
Many years ago, Yet still within our time, Very far to the North, An Indian in his canoe Was about to cross a bay To a distant place; When, just before he launched, There came in haste a stranger Followed by two great dogs, Who asked to be taken over.
Who acts: Kulóskap, stranger, two great dogs · What happens: be, cross, launch, come, follow, ask · To what, where: canoe, bay, distant place, haste, stranger · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kulóskap, stranger, two great dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 years | amod |
| 2 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 ago | punct |
| 5 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 9 time | cc |
| 6 | still | still | ADV | _ | 9 time | advmod |
| 7 | within | within | ADP | _ | 9 time | case |
| 8 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 time | nmod:poss |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ago | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 far | punct |
| 11 | Very | very | ADV | _ | 12 far | advmod |
| 12 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 time | advmod |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 North | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 North | det |
| 15 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 far | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Indian | punct |
| 17 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 Indian | det |
| 18 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 time | parataxis |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 canoe | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 canoe | nmod:poss |
| 21 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 about | obl |
| 22 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 about | cop |
| 23 | about | about | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Indian | advcl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 cross | mark |
| 25 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 about | xcomp |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 bay | det |
| 27 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cross | obj |
| 28 | To | to | ADP | _ | 31 place | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 place | det |
| 30 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 place | amod |
| 31 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cross | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 launched | punct |
| 33 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 launched | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 launched | punct |
| 35 | just | just | ADV | _ | 38 launched | advmod |
| 36 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 launched | mark |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 launched | nsubj |
| 38 | launched | launch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 about | parataxis |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 came | punct |
| 40 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 41 came | expl |
| 41 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 launched | conj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 haste | case |
| 43 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 came | obl |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 stranger | det |
| 45 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 came | nsubj |
| 46 | Followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 stranger | acl |
| 47 | by | by | ADP | _ | 50 dogs | case |
| 48 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 50 dogs | nummod |
| 49 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 dogs | amod |
| 50 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 Followed | obl:agent |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 asked | punct |
| 52 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 asked | nsubj |
| 53 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 dogs | acl:relcl |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 taken | mark |
| 55 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 56 taken | aux:pass |
| 56 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 asked | ccomp |
| 57 | over | over | ADP | _ | 56 taken | compound:prt |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ago | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Kulóskap's canoe | about property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cross | to-infinitive | a bay | a distant place | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bay=Patient to place=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | launch | past | Kulóskap | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | come | past | a stranger | haste; there | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in haste=Location | ||||
| 5 | follow | participle | a stranger not said here | two great dogs obl:agent | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | two great dogs | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | take over not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/59/