Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 5, sentence 46
Now ’tis a thing well known To all the Indians Who keep the holy faith Of the good olden time, That there are wondrous dwellers Deep in the silent woods, Such as the elves and fairies Who are called by different names; In Micmac Wigŭladŭmūchŭk But by the Passamaquoddy Wʾnâgʾméswuk.
Who acts: Indians, That, different names · What happens: ti, know, keep, be, call · To what, where: thing, holy faith, silent woods, elves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, That, different names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 tis | advmod |
| 2 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | tis | ti | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 thing | det |
| 5 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tis | obj |
| 6 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 known | advmod |
| 7 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 tis | advcl |
| 8 | To | to | ADP | _ | 11 Indians | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 Indians | det:predet |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Indians | det |
| 11 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 known | obl |
| 12 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 keep | nsubj |
| 13 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 Indians | acl:relcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 faith | det |
| 15 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 faith | amod |
| 16 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 keep | obj |
| 17 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 21 time | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 time | det |
| 19 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 time | amod |
| 20 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 time | amod |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 faith | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 are | punct |
| 23 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 are | nsubj |
| 24 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 25 are | expl |
| 25 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 tis | conj |
| 26 | wondrous | wondrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 dwellers | amod |
| 27 | dwellers | dweller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 are | nsubj |
| 28 | Deep | deep | ADV | _ | 25 are | advmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 woods | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 woods | det |
| 31 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 woods | amod |
| 32 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 are | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 elves | punct |
| 34 | Such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 37 elves | case |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 Such | fixed |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 elves | det |
| 37 | elves | elf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 woods | nmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 fairies | cc |
| 39 | fairies | fairy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 elves | conj |
| 40 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 called | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 called | aux:pass |
| 42 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 elves | acl |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 names | case |
| 44 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 names | amod |
| 45 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 called | obl |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | punct |
| 47 | In | in | ADP | _ | 49 Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | case |
| 48 | Micmac | Micmac | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | compound |
| 49 | Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tis | parataxis |
| 50 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 54 Wʾnâgʾméswuk | cc |
| 51 | by | by | ADP | _ | 54 Wʾnâgʾméswuk | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 Wʾnâgʾméswuk | det |
| 53 | Passamaquoddy | Passamaquoddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 Wʾnâgʾméswuk | compound |
| 54 | Wʾnâgʾméswuk | Wʾnâgʾméswuk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Wigŭladŭmūchŭk | conj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tis | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ti | present | a thing | now | Micmac Wigŭladŭmūchŭk but the Passamaquoddy Wʾnâgʾméswuk parataxis | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | participle | to all Indians; well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | keep | present | all Indians | the holy faith of the good olden time | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent faith=Theme | ||||
| 4 | be | present | That | the silent woods such the elves and fairies; there | wondrous dwellers nsubj; deep property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location | |||
| 5 | call | present · passive | different names | the elves and fairies | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/5/46/