Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 6, sentence 31
[19] Kwâbît had placed himself Under the water, with His tail upraised above The level of the waves, That he might sink the barque With one tremendous blow, As is the Beaver’s way; But he of magic power With well directed stroke Of the _tumîhîgʾn_, or His tomahawk, then cut The body from the tail, Leaving the Beaver dead; Then blithely sailed away.
Who acts: That, As · What happens: place, upraise, sink, be, direct, cut · To what, where: Kwâbît, water, tail, level, barque, way
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, As), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 19 | punct |
| 2 | 19 | 19 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 placed | discourse |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 19 | punct |
| 4 | Kwâbît | Kwâbît | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 placed | aux |
| 6 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 placed | obj |
| 8 | Under | under | ADP | _ | 10 water | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 water | det |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 placed | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tail | punct |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 tail | case |
| 13 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 tail | nmod:poss |
| 14 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 placed | obl |
| 15 | upraised | upraise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 tail | acl |
| 16 | above | above | ADP | _ | 18 level | case |
| 17 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 level | det |
| 18 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 upraised | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 waves | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 waves | det |
| 21 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 level | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sink | punct |
| 23 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 sink | nsubj |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 sink | nsubj |
| 25 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 sink | aux |
| 26 | sink | sink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 placed | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 barque | det |
| 28 | barque | barque | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sink | obj |
| 29 | With | with | ADP | _ | 32 blow | case |
| 30 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 blow | nummod |
| 31 | tremendous | tremendous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 blow | amod |
| 32 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sink | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 blow | punct |
| 34 | As | As | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 way | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 way | cop |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Beaver | det |
| 37 | Beaver | Beaver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 way | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 37 Beaver | case |
| 39 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 blow | acl:relcl |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 power | punct |
| 41 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 power | cc |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 power | nsubj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 power | case |
| 44 | magic | magic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 power | amod |
| 45 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 placed | obl |
| 46 | With | with | ADP | _ | 49 stroke | case |
| 47 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 48 directed | advmod |
| 48 | directed | direct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 stroke | amod |
| 49 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 power | nmod |
| 50 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 53 tumîhîgʾn | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 tumîhîgʾn | det |
| 52 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 53 tumîhîgʾn | punct |
| 53 | tumîhîgʾn | tumîhîgʾn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 stroke | nmod |
| 54 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 6 placed | punct |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 tomahawk | punct |
| 56 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 58 tomahawk | cc |
| 57 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 tomahawk | nmod:poss |
| 58 | tomahawk | tomahawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 placed | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 cut | punct |
| 60 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 61 cut | advmod |
| 61 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 placed | conj |
| 62 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 body | det |
| 63 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 cut | obj |
| 64 | from | from | ADP | _ | 66 tail | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 tail | det |
| 66 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 cut | obl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 Leaving | punct |
| 68 | Leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 61 cut | advcl |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 Beaver | det |
| 70 | Beaver | Beaver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 Leaving | obj |
| 71 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 Leaving | xcomp |
| 72 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 75 sailed | punct |
| 73 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 75 sailed | advmod |
| 74 | blithely | blithely | ADV | _ | 75 sailed | advmod |
| 75 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 placed | conj |
| 76 | away | away | ADV | _ | 75 sailed | advmod |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 placed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | past · perfect · passive | Kwâbît | the water | with Kwâbît's tail; of magic power Kwâbît with directed stroke of the tumîhîgʾn; Kwâbît's tomahawk obl; 19 discourse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme himself=Destination | |||
| 2 | upraise | participle | Kwâbît's tail not said here | the level of the waves | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | sink | might | That | the barque | with one tremendous blow; Kwâbît nsubj | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent barque=Patient with blow=Instrument | |||
| 4 | is a | present | As | the Beaver's way | the Beaver nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 5 | direct | participle | well property | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | cut | infinitive | the body | the tail | then | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset body=Product from tail=Material | |||
| 7 | leave | gerund | the Beaver | dead property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beaver=Theme | ||||
| 8 | sail away | past | then | away, blithely property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | stroke | the tumîhîgʾn | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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