Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 7, sentence 11
With him they all walked forth To see the place where he dwelt, They never had felt the sunshine So soft and so sweetly tempered By a cooling gentle breeze; For all in that land was fair, And day by day grew fairer To all who dwelt therein: Tall trees, with richest leafage And many fragrant flowers, Grew everywhere in groves Without any lower limbs, And clear of underbrush, Wide as a forest; yet The eye could pierce the distance In any or every way.
Who acts: travellers, Go, all, day, eye · What happens: walk, see, dwell, not feel, temper, be · To what, where: place, sunshine, Tall trees, distance, any
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (travellers, Go, all, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 2 him | case |
| 2 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 walked | obl |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 walked | nsubj |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 walked | advmod |
| 5 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 5 walked | advmod |
| 7 | To | to | PART | _ | 8 see | mark |
| 8 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 walked | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 place | det |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 see | obj |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 dwelt | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 dwelt | nsubj |
| 13 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 place | acl:relcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 dwelt | punct |
| 15 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 felt | nsubj |
| 16 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 18 felt | advmod |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 felt | aux |
| 18 | felt | feel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 dwelt | parataxis |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sunshine | det |
| 20 | sunshine | sunshine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 felt | obj |
| 21 | So | so | ADV | _ | 22 soft | advmod |
| 22 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 felt | xcomp |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 tempered | cc |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 tempered | advmod |
| 25 | sweetly | sweetly | ADV | _ | 26 tempered | advmod |
| 26 | tempered | temper | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 walked | conj |
| 27 | By | by | ADP | _ | 31 breeze | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 breeze | det |
| 29 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 breeze | compound |
| 30 | gentle | gentle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 breeze | amod |
| 31 | breeze | breeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tempered | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 fair | punct |
| 33 | For | for | ADP | _ | 34 all | case |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 fair | nsubj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 land | case |
| 36 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 land | det |
| 37 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 all | nmod |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 fair | cop |
| 39 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 walked | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 grew | punct |
| 41 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 grew | cc |
| 42 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 grew | nsubj |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 day | case |
| 44 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 day | nmod |
| 45 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 walked | conj |
| 46 | fairer | fair | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 45 grew | xcomp |
| 47 | To | to | ADP | _ | 48 all | case |
| 48 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 50 dwelt | obl |
| 49 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 dwelt | nsubj |
| 50 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 grew | conj |
| 51 | therein | therein | ADV | _ | 50 dwelt | advmod |
| 52 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 54 trees | punct |
| 53 | Tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 trees | amod |
| 54 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 dwelt | obj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 leafage | punct |
| 56 | with | with | ADP | _ | 58 leafage | case |
| 57 | richest | rich | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 58 leafage | amod |
| 58 | leafage | leafage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 trees | nmod |
| 59 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 flowers | cc |
| 60 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 flowers | amod |
| 61 | fragrant | fragrant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 flowers | amod |
| 62 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 leafage | conj |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 Grew | punct |
| 64 | Grew | Grew | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 trees | conj |
| 65 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 54 trees | advmod |
| 66 | in | in | ADP | _ | 67 groves | case |
| 67 | groves | grove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 everywhere | obl |
| 68 | Without | without | ADP | _ | 71 limbs | case |
| 69 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 71 limbs | det |
| 70 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 71 limbs | amod |
| 71 | limbs | limb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 dwelt | obl |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 clear | punct |
| 73 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 clear | cc |
| 74 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 dwelt | parataxis |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 76 underbrush | case |
| 76 | underbrush | underbrush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 clear | obl |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 Wide | punct |
| 78 | Wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 clear | conj |
| 79 | as | as | ADP | _ | 81 forest | case |
| 80 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 81 forest | det |
| 81 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 Wide | obl |
| 82 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 87 pierce | punct |
| 83 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 87 pierce | cc |
| 84 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 eye | det |
| 85 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 87 pierce | nsubj |
| 86 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 87 pierce | aux |
| 87 | pierce | pierce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 walked | advcl |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 distance | det |
| 89 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 87 pierce | obj |
| 90 | In | in | ADP | _ | 91 any | case |
| 91 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 87 pierce | obl |
| 92 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 94 way | cc |
| 93 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 94 way | det |
| 94 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 any | conj |
| 95 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | travellers = traveller | with Go; forth property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | travellers = traveller not said here | the place | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer place=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | dwell | past | Go | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not feel | past · perfect | travellers = traveller | the sunshine | soft property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunshine=Theme | |||
| 5 | temper | participle | travellers = traveller not said here | by a cooling gentle breeze; sweetly property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | past | all in that land | fair property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | grow | past | day by day | fair property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | dwell | past | Tall trees and Grew | to all; with richest leafage and many fragrant flowers; without any lower limbs; who nsubj; therein property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme tree=Location | ||||
| 9 | pierce | could | the eye | the distance | any every way | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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